1-1: History of Microbiology Flashcards
What was blamed for infectious disease before we knew about microbes
Gods, witchcraft, “bad air”
What did they think caused the black death at the time?
Planetary alignment leading to bad air
Who developed the micrscope
Robert Hooke (first known depictions of microogranisms)
What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek do
Microscope builder, “father of microbiology,” first to see bacteria in 1676
What did Leeuwenhoek call bacteria
wee animalcules
Where did they used to think microbes came from?
Spontaneous generation. Dirt rag+wheat+21 days=mice
What did Louis Pasteur do
Disproved spontaneous generation
How did Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation
Leave nutrient solution open= contamination
Heat seal it = no growth
Microbes cannot enter the swan flask (no generation), but when tipped, contamination occurs
Solution does not spawn microbes, it is contaminated
What else did Louis Pasteur do
Sterilization techniques (Pasteurization), fermentation, vaccine development, germ theory of disease
What is the germ theory of disease
Speculation that microbes caused some diseases (not accepted until 1800s)
Robert Koch gave definitive evidence while studying anthrax
What are Koch’s postulates
- Pathogen will be present in all diseased animals, absent in healthy
- Pathogen then grown in pure culture
- Cells from pure culture cause disease in healthy animal
- Pathogen reisolated and is the same
Reproducibility!
What are the limitations of Koch’s postulates
Some disease causing pathogens might not be culturable
Some pathogens only cause disease in some people
What did Robert Koch do
Isolation of bacterial cultures, postulates (infectious disease research), cause of tuberculosis and cholera
