2-8: Unique Aspects of Archaea Cell Biology Flashcards
What parts of archaea are similar to eukaryotes
DNA-related biology/processes (chromosomes, replication, transcription)
Difference between lipid linkages in bacteria, eukarya and archaea?
Bact/Euk = ester-linked lipids
Archaea = ether-linked
The lipis in Bacteria/Euk are called ______, the lipids in archaea are called _____
Fatty acids, isoprenoid
What is the lipid monolayer in archaea. Are they the same as the phospholipid bilayer?
Transmembrane phospholipids, similar to bilayer but lipid tails are joined
What acts as the cell wall in archaea? Where else is this seen?
S-layer
seen as supplementary structure in Bacteria
What is pseudomurein
Polymer similar to peptidgoglycan
Archaea with pseudomurein can make cell wall similar to bacteria
How are pseudomurein and peptidoglycan different
Pseudomurein lacks D-a.a’s, different sugar linkages, NAM replaced with N-acetylalosainuronic acid
Evolved independently
Unique appendages of archaea?
Hamus, grappling hook
What is the hamus
Appendage that fixes cell to a surface or other cells to mediate biofilm formation
How do archaea move
Archaellum (flagellum-like apparatus)
How is the archaellum different from the flagellum
Simpler (fewer proteins), ATP hydrolysis drives it
Filament built from inside out (opposite)
Swim slower
What is Haloquadratum walsbyi
Halophile found in hyper-saline lakes, unique morphology (thin squares)
How was the mitochondria formed in eukarya
Endosymbiosis of a-proteobacterium into archaeal cell
What is asgard archaea
Archaea superphylum containing eukaryote-specific proteins, euk. like cell biology (vesicle trafficking)
