748 Psychoanalytic Flashcards
Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious:
Dreams Slips of the tongue Posthypnotic suggestions Material derived from free-association and projective techniques Symbolic content of psychotic symptoms
Anxiety
Feeling of dread resulting from repressed feelings, memories, and desires
Anxiety
Develops out of conflict among the id, ego, and superego to control psychic energy
Three types of anxiety:
Reality Anxiety
Neurotic Anxiety
Moral Anxiety
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Are normal behaviors which operate on an unconscious level and tend to deny or distort reality
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Help the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Have adaptive value if they do not become a style of life to avoid facing reality
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Repression
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Denial
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Reaction Formation
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Projection
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Displacement
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Rationalization
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Sublimation
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Regression
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Introjection
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Identification
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Compensation
The Development of Personality
First year: ORAL STAGE
Ages 1-3: ANAL STAGE
Ages 3-6: PHALLIC STAGE
Ages 6-12: LATENCY STAGE
Ages 12-60: GENITAL STAGE
Erikson’s Psychosocial Perspective
Psychosocial stages: Erikson’s basic psychological and social tasks to be mastered from infancy through old age
Erikson’s Psychosocial Perspective
Erikson’s theory of development holds that psychosexual and psychosocial growth take place together
Erikson’s Psychosocial Perspective
During each psychosocial stage, we face a specific crisis that must be resolved in order to move forward
The Therapeutic Process
The goal is to make the unconscious conscious and strengthen the ego so behavior is based on reality
The Therapeutic Process
The blank-screen approach fosters transference
The Therapeutic Process
Achieving insight into problems and increasing awareness of ways to change helps clients gain control over their lives
The Therapeutic Process
Pushing the client too rapidly or offering ill-timed interpretations will render the process ineffective
Psychoanalytic Phenomena
Transference occurs when the client reacts to the therapist as he or she did to an earlier significant other
Psychoanalytic Phenomena
Countertransference is the reaction of the therapist toward the client that may interfere with objectivity
Psychoanalytic Phenomena
Resistance is anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the production of unconscious material
Psychoanalytic Techniques
Maintaining the Analytic Framework
Therapist uses a range of procedural and stylistic factors (e.g., analyst’s relative anonymity, consistency of meetings)
Psychoanalytic Techniques
Analysis of resistance
Therapist helps clients become aware of reasons for their resistance so they can deal with them
Psychoanalytic Techniques
Analysis of transference
Therapist uses this to elucidate client’s intrapsychic life
Psychoanalytic Techniques
Free Association
Client reports immediately without censoring any feelings or thoughts
Psychoanalytic Techniques
Interpretation
Therapist points out, explains, and teaches the meanings of whatever is revealed
Psychoanalytic Techniques
Dream Analysis
Therapist uses the “royal road to the unconscious” to bring unconscious material to light
Application to Group Counseling
Group work provides a rich framework for working through transference feelings
Application to Group Counseling
The group becomes a microcosm of members’ everyday lives
Application to Group Counseling
Projections onto the leader and members are clues to unresolved intrapsychic conflicts that can be identified, explored, and worked through in the group
Jung’s Analytical Psychology
An elaborate explanation of human nature that combines ideas from history, mythology, anthropology, and religion
Jung’s Analytical Psychology
Places central importance on psychological changes associated with midlife
Jung’s Analytical Psychology
Achieving individuation—the harmonious integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of personality—is an innate and primary goal
Jung’s Analytical Psychology
To become integrated, it is essential to accept our dark side, or shadow
Jung’s Analytical Psychology
Dreams are aimed at integration and resolution; they contain messages from the collective unconscious, our source of creativity
Jung’s Analytical Psychology
Images of universal experiences contained in the collective unconscious are called archetypes (the persona, the anima and animus, and the shadow)
Contemporary Psychodynamic Therapy
Object Relations
Emphasizes attachment and separation
Contemporary Psychodynamic Therapy
Self Psychology
Emphasizes how we use interpersonal relationships (self objects) to develop our own sense of self
Contemporary Psychodynamic Therapy
Relational Psychoanalysis
Emphasizes the interactive process between client and therapist
Contemporary Psychodynamic Therapy
Brief Psychodynamic Therapy
Applies the principles of psychodynamic theory and therapy to treating selective disorders within 10 to 25 sessions
Strengths from a Diversity Perspective
Erikson made significant contributions to how social and cultural factors affect people in many cultures over the life span
Strengths from a Diversity Perspective
This approach promotes intensive psychotherapy for therapists, which gives them insight into their countertransference, including biases and prejudices
Limitations from a Diversity Perspective
Based on upper- and middle-class values and may be cost prohibitive for many people
Limitations from a Diversity Perspective
Cultural expectations may lead clients to want more direction and structure from the professional
Limitations from a Diversity Perspective
More concerned with long-term personality reconstruction than with short-term problem solving
Limitations from a Diversity Perspective
Fails to address social, cultural, and political factors that oppress clients
Contributions of Psychoanalytic Approach. Helps therapists understand:
Human behavior from a psychosexual perspective, which can be a powerful framework when paired with the psychosocial perspective
Contributions of Psychoanalytic Approach. Helps therapists understand:
That unfinished business can be worked through to provide a new ending to events that have restricted clients emotionally
Contributions of Psychoanalytic Approach. Helps therapists understand:
The value of concepts such as unconscious motivation, the influence of early development, transference, countertransference, and resistance
Contributions of Psychoanalytic Approach. Helps therapists understand:
How the overuse of ego defenses keep clients from functioning effectively
Limitations of Psychoanalytic Approach
This approach may not be appropriate for all cultures or socioeconomic groups
Limitations of Psychoanalytic Approach
Deterministic focus does not emphasize current maladaptive behaviors
Limitations of Psychoanalytic Approach
Minimizes role of the environment
Limitations of Psychoanalytic Approach
Requires subjective interpretation
Limitations of Psychoanalytic Approach
Relies heavily on client fantasy
Limitations of Psychoanalytic Approach
Lengthy treatment may not be practical or affordable for many clients
