748 person centered Flashcards
View of Human Nature: At their core, humans are t_ and p_
trustworthy and positive
View of Human Nature: Humans are capable of
making changes and living productive, effective lives
View of Human Nature: self-actualization
Humans innately gravitate toward self-actualization
View of Human Nature: individuals strive to move forward and fulfill their creative nature given
the right growth-fostering conditions
Person-Centered Therapy: This approach challenges: assumption about the counselor
Assumption that “the counselor knows best”
Person-Centered Therapy: This approach challenges: the validity of
Validity of advice, suggestion, persuasion, teaching, diagnosis, and interpretation
Person-Centered Therapy: This approach challenges: Belief that clients cannot resolve their own
problems without help
Person-Centered Therapy: This approach challenges: Focus on p__ over p_
Focus on problems over persons
Person-Centered Therapy: This approach emphasizes: p_ characteristics of the therapist
Personal characteristics of the therapist
Person-Centered Therapy: This approach emphasizes:
Q_ of the therapeutic relationship
Quality of the therapeutic relationship
Person-Centered Therapy: This approach emphasizes: “growth-promoting
Counselor’s creation of a “growth-promoting” climate
Person-Centered Therapy: This approach emphasizes: Person’s capacity for
self-directed growth if involved in a therapeutic relationship
Three therapist attributes create a growth-promoting climate: C
Congruence: Genuineness or realness
Three therapist attributes create a growth-promoting climate: U
Unconditional positive regard: Acceptance and caring
Three therapist attributes create a growth-promoting climate: A
Accurate empathic understanding: The ability to deeply grasp the subjective world of another person
Six core conditions that are necessary and sufficient for personality changes to occur: Two
Two persons are in psychological contact
Six core conditions that are necessary and sufficient for personality changes to occur: first person
The first, the client, is experiencing incongruence
Six core conditions that are necessary and sufficient for personality changes to occur: second person
The second person, the therapist, is congruent or integrated in the relationship
Six core conditions that are necessary and sufficient for personality changes to occur: therapist experiences u_
The therapist experiences unconditional positive regard or real caring for the client
Six core conditions that are necessary and sufficient for personality changes to occur: therapist experiences e_
The therapist experiences empathy for the client’s internal frame of reference and endeavors to communicate this to the client
Six core conditions that are necessary and sufficient for personality changes to occur: communication
The communication to the client is, to a minimal degree, achieved
The Person-Centered Therapist: Engages in _-assessment
Engages in co-assessment with the client and does not value traditional assessment and diagnosis
The Person-Centered Therapist: change agent
Provides a supportive therapeutic environment in which the client is the agent of change and healing
The Person-Centered Therapist: modeling
Serves as a model of a human being struggling toward greater realness
The Person-Centered Therapist: personal qualities are g_, i_, a_
genuine, integrated, and authentic
The Person-Centered Therapist: Can openly express
feelings and attitudes that are present in the relationship with the client
The Person-Centered Therapist: Is invested in developing his or her own
life experiences to deepen self-knowledge and move toward self-actualization
Application to Crisis Intervention: When people are in crisis, one of the first steps is to
give them an opportunity to fully express themselves
Application to Crisis Intervention: Genuine support, caring, and nonpossessive warmth can motivate people to
do something to work through a crisis
Application to Crisis Intervention: should always precede other problem-solving interventions
Communicating a deep sense of understanding should always precede other problem-solving interventions
Application to Group Counseling: Therapist takes on the role of f_ who creates a therapeutic environment
Therapist takes on the role of facilitator who creates a therapeutic environment
Application to Group Counseling: are not stressed
Techniques are not stressed
Application to Group Counseling: Exhibits deep trust of
the group members
Application to Group Counseling: The responsibility for the direction of the group is on
members, who set the goals for the group
Application to Group Counseling: self-acceptance
The group setting fosters an open and accepting community where members can work on self-acceptance
Application to Group Counseling: alone or together
Individuals learn that they do not have to experience the process of change alone; they grow from the support of group members
Person-Centered Expressive Arts Therapy: innate
All people have an innate ability to be creative
Person-Centered Expressive Arts Therapy: what does art do
Various creative art forms are used to promote healing, self-discovery, self-awareness, and insight
Person-Centered Expressive Arts Therapy: what does creative expression do
Creative expression connects us to our feelings which are a source of life energy
Person-Centered Expressive Arts Therapy: New facets and insights
Individuals explore new facets of the self and uncover insights that transform them, creating wholeness
Person-Centered Expressive Arts Therapy: inner and outer world
The client’s inner world and outer world become unified
Person-Centered Expressive Arts Therapy: “creative connection”
The various art modes interrelate in what Natalie Rogers calls the “creative connection”
Conditions for Creativity: Acceptance of the i_
Acceptance of the individual
Conditions for Creativity: A non-_ setting
A non-judgmental setting
Conditions for Creativity: E_
Empathy
Conditions for Creativity: _ freedom
Psychological freedom
Conditions for Creativity: 2 types of experiences
Stimulating and challenging experiences
Conditions for Creativity: safety and feeling held back
Individuals who have experienced unsafe creative environments feel “held back” and may disengage from creative processes
Conditions for Creativity: permission
Safe, creative environments give clients permission to be authentic and to delve deeply into their experiences
Motivational Interviewing: basic definition
A humanistic, client-centered, psychosocial, directive counseling approach developed by William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick in the early 1980s
Motivational Interviewing: initially designed as
Applied to many clinical problems, but was initially designed as a brief intervention for problem drinking
Motivational Interviewing: Both MI and person-centered practitioners believe in the client’s a s r c
abilities, strengths, resources, and competencies
Motivational Interviewing: Direction and aim
Is deliberately directive and aimed at reducing client ambivalence about change and increasing intrinsic motivation
Motivational Interviewing: honor
Honoring the “MI Spirit” is essential
Motivational Interviewing: Reluctance
Reluctance to change is a normal and expected part of the therapeutic process
Motivational Interviewing: Ultimately, therapists help clients
commit to change and assist them in implementing a change plan
Stages of Change
Precontemplation stage Contemplation stage Preparation stage Action stage Maintenance stage
Emotion-Focused Therapy: basic definition
Evidence-based approach developed by Leslie Greenberg
Emotion-Focused Therapy: Rooted in a
person-centered philosophy, but synthesizes aspects of Gestalt and existential therapies
Emotion-Focused Therapy: Emphasizes
awareness of emotion
Emotion-Focused Therapy: Primary pathway
Emotional change can be a primary pathway to cognitive and behavioral change
Emotion-Focused Therapy: A range of experiential techniques are used to
strengthen the self, regulate affect, and create new meaning
Emotion-Focused Therapy: strategies help clients with too little
emotion access their emotions, and help clients who experience too much emotion contain their emotions
Emotion-Focused Therapy: It is effective in treating
anxiety, intimate partner violence, eating disorders, and trauma
Person centered: Strengths from a Diversity Perspective:
PCT has had a major impact on the field of
human relations with diverse cultural groups
Person centered: Strengths from a Diversity Perspective: Far reaching
Carl Rogers’ work has reached more than 30 countries, and his writings have been translated into 12 languages
Person centered: Strengths from a Diversity Perspective: Fellow explorer
The therapist is viewed as a “fellow explorer” who attempts to understand the client’s phenomenological world in an interested, accepting, and open way
Person centered: Limitations from a Diversity Perspective: Direction
Clients who expect a directive counselor may be put off by this unstructured approach
Person centered: Limitations from a Diversity Perspective: Lost in translation
It is difficult to translate the core therapeutic conditions into actual practice in certain cultures
Person centered: Limitations from a Diversity Perspective: Common good
The focus on individual autonomy and personal growth may be viewed as “selfish” in cultures that stress the common good
Contributions of the Person-Centered Approach: Range
Extensive research supports the effectiveness of PCT with a wide range of clients and problems of all age groups
Contributions of the Person-Centered Approach: Opening the field
Carl Rogers literally opened the field to research
Contributions of the Person-Centered Approach: Permeability
The philosophy and principles of this approach permeate the practice of most therapists
Contributions of the Person-Centered Approach: Natalie Rogers
using nonverbal methods and expressive arts to help people heal
Limitations of the Person-Centered Approach: Vague
PCT does not focus on the use of specific techniques, making this treatment difficult to standardize
Limitations of the Person-Centered Approach: beginners
Beginning therapists may find it difficult to provide both support and challenges to clients
Limitations of the Person-Centered Approach: personal limits
Limits of the therapist as a person may interfere with developing a genuine therapeutic relationship
