748 midterm Flashcards
True or false: the therapist as a person is a key part of the effectiveness of therapeutic treatments.
True
True or false: research shows that both the therapy relationship and the therapy used contribute to treatment outcome.
True (But the relationship and who the therapist is as a person is more important).
The most important instrument the therapist has is
himself.
The most important instrument the therapist has is himself. Your example of
who you are and how you struggle to live up to your potential is important.
If you leave your reactions/yourself out of your work it can
make you an ineffective counselor
is it good to be involved with the patient
It’s good to be willing to care and be involved with the patient.
You should help clients create goals/find answers, but
these should be congruent with the client’s values.
If you don’t agree with a client’s values should you choose not to work with him?
No
A self way to manage value conflicts is
bracketing
Counseling is recommended for counselors, in part to
set an example.
If you really have a value difference with the client you should,
seek supervision
Issues faced by beginning therapists:
Tolerating ambiguity Dealing with clients who lack commitment Having a sense of humor Developing your own counseling style Learning to use techniques appropriately
Since you are your most important instrument, it’s important to
take care of yourself with self care strategies.
Ethics codes are best described as
Guidelines of professional standards of behavior/practice
Do ethics codes make decisions for counselors?
No, they are just guidelines
Mandatory ethics
Deals with the minimum level of professional practice
Aspirational ethics
The highest standards of thinking and conduct
Positive ethics
Trying to do your best for the clients instead of the bare minimum
The 4 principles that underlie our professional codes
Benefit others,
do no harm,
respect other’s autonomy,
be just, fair, and faithful
The role of ethical codes,
They teach us our responsibilities, show what we’re accountable for, improving our practice, protecting our clients
Making ethical decisions:
Identify the problem, review relevant codes and laws, seek consultation, brainstorm, list consequences, decide and document the reasons for your actions
When making ethical decision, you should include the client
to the degree its possible
Address privacy issues with clients, including the implications of using
technology to communicate
how does Informed consent help clients
empowers clients and helps to build trust with them
Informed Consent Should include information such as:
Therapeutic procedures and goals Approximate length of treatment Risks/benefits and alternatives to treatment The right to withdraw from treatment Costs or fees The counselor’s use of supervision The limits of confidentiality
Informed Consent Should include information such as: Therapeutic
Therapeutic procedures and goals
Informed Consent Should include information such as:
Approximate length of treatment
Informed Consent Should include information such as: __________ to treatment
Risks/benefits and alternatives to treatment
Informed Consent Should include information such as: The right to
The right to withdraw from treatment
Informed Consent Should include information such as: ___ and ___
Costs or fees
Informed Consent Should include information such as: The counselor’s
The counselor’s use of supervision
Informed Consent Should include information such as: The limits
The limits of confidentiality
Limits of Confidentiality:
Client poses a danger to self or others
Clients who are children/minors, dependent adults, or older adults are victims of abuse
Client needs to be hospitalized
Information is made an issue in a court action
Client requests a release of record
Limits of Confidentiality: danger
Client poses a danger to self or others
Limits of Confidentiality: certain people
Clients who are children/minors, dependent adults, or older adults are victims of abuse
Limits of Confidentiality: client needs to be
Client needs to be hospitalized
Limits of Confidentiality: legal
Information is made an issue in a court action
Limits of Confidentiality: choice
Client requests a release of record
ACA Code of Ethics (2014) contains a new set of standards with regard to the use of
technology, computer-mediated communication, and social media as a delivery platform
Assumptions made about mental health and illness, human development, and the nature of effective treatment may have
little relevance for some clients
Ethics and Culture: Theories should incorporate
an interactive person-in-the-environment focus
Counselors must be mindful of ___ ___ issues to practice ethically and effectively
social justice
An adequate theory of counseling ___ deal with the social and cultural factors of an individual’s problems
does
A counselor or therapist should facilitate social action that
leads to change within the client’s community rather than merely increasing the individual’s insight
Assessment
an ongoing process designed to help the counselor evaluate key elements of a client’s psychological functioning
The Assessment Process: Influenced by
the therapist’s theoretical orientation
The Assessment Process: Requires
cultural sensitivity
The Assessment Process: Can be helpful in
treatment planning
Diagnosis definition
is the process of identifying a pattern of symptoms which fit the criteria for a specific mental disorder defined in the DSM-5
Diagnosis: Requires
cultural sensitivity
Diagnosis: Practitioners debate whether
a diagnosis is necessary
Diagnosis: Can be helpful in
treatment planning
Diagnosis: can lead to ethical dilemmas if
If used only for insurance purposes,
What are the 4 Strengths of Evidence-Based Practice:
Treatments have been validated by empirical research
Treatments are usually brief and standardized
Are preferred by many insurance companies
Calls for accountability among mental health providers to use effective treatment approaches
4 Criticisms of EBP
Considered by some to be mechanistic and insensitive to individual differences
Not well-suited for working with existential concerns
Difficult to measure both relational and technical aspects of a psychological treatment
Can be misused as a method of cost containment for insurance companies rather than as a way of improving the quality of services
4 things about Multiple or Dual Relationships
Not inherently unethical
Must be managed ethically to protect client’s well-being
Examples of nonsexual dual relationships include socializing or starting a business venture with a client, bartering services for goods, or borrowing money
Sexual relationships with current or former clients are exploitive and can result in serious harm
Multiple or Dual Relationships: A few helpful questions:
Will the dual relationship keep me from confronting and challenging the client?
Will my needs for the relationship become more important than therapeutic activities?
Can my client manage the dual relationship?
Whose needs are being met?
Regarding social media, counselors should
Limit what is shared online
Include social networking policies as part of informed consent
Regularly update protective settings because privacy rules change
For Adler, Individual Psychology meant ___ psychology
indivisible
Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology: Is based on the concept of
holism
Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology: Is a _____ approach
phenomenological
Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology: Provides a ____ explanation of human behavior
teleological
Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology: Stresses ___ interest
social interest
Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology: family perspective
Focuses on birth order and sibling relationships
Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology: Therapy involves TIE
teaching, informing, and encouraging
Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology: Considers basic mistakes in the
client’s private logic
Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology: The therapeutic relationship is a _____ partnership
collaborative (different from freud)
Adler: The Phenomenological Approach
The world is seen from the client’s subjective frame of reference
How life is in reality is less important than how we believe life to be
Our present interpretation of childhood experiences matters more than the actual events
Adler: What does The Phenomenological Approach think about motivations
Unconscious instincts and our past do not determine our behavior
Adler’s most significant and distinctive concept
Social Interest
Adler: 3 main parts of Social Interest
being a part of something bigger than yourself
Mental health is measured by how much we help others
People express social interest by helping others
Adler: Lifestyle
How you see yourself/the world
Characteristic way we live and think
A life movement that organizes our reality, giving meaning to life
“fictional finalism” or “guiding self ideal”
Adler: Lifestyle: Faulty interpretations may lead to mistaken notions in our
“private logic”
Adler: Lifestyle is how we
move toward our life goals
Adler: Lifestyle: Unifies behaviors to
provide consistency and makes all our actions “fit together”
Adler: Explain The Life Tasks
We must successfully master three universal life tasks:
Building friendships (social task)
Establishing intimacy (love–marriage task)
Contributing to society (occupational task)
Adler: explain Inferiority
A normal feeling that drives us to be better
Makes us creative
characterized by feelings of hopelessness when we’re very young
Adler: explain Superiority
Promote mastery and enable us to overcome obstacles
Adler: Oldest child
receives more attention, spoiled, center of attention
Adler: Second of only two
behaves as if in a race, often opposite to first child
Adler: Middle
often feels squeezed out
Adler: Only
does not learn to share or cooperate with other children, learns to deal with adults
Adler: Four Phases of Therapy: Phase 1:
Establishing the Proper Therapeutic Relationship
Adler: Four Phases of Therapy: Phase 1: Establishing the Proper Therapeutic Relationship
Supportive, collaborative, educational, encouraging process
Person-to-person contact with the client precedes identification of the problem
Help client build awareness of his or her strengths
Adler: Four Phases of Therapy: Phase 2:
Exploring the Individual’s Psychological Dynamics
Adler: Four Phases of Therapy: Phase 3:
Encouraging Self-Understanding/Insight
Adler: Four Phases of Therapy: Phase 4:
Reorientation and Re-education
Adler: Four Phases of Therapy: Phase 2: Exploring the Individual’s Psychological Dynamics
Lifestyle assessment Subjective interview Objective interview Family constellation Early recollections Basic mistakes
Adler: Four Phases of Therapy: Phase 3: Encouraging Self-Understanding/Insight
Interpret the assessment
Hidden things are made conscious
Give interpretations to help clients gain insight into their private logic and lifestyle
Adler: Four Phases of Therapy: Phase 4: Reorientation and Re-education
Action-oriented phase; emphasis is on putting insights into practice
Clients are reoriented toward the useful side of life
Clients are encouraged to act as if they were the people they want to be
the most distinctive intervention and is central to all phases of Adlerian therapy
Encouragement
Adler: Inside of being just a technique, encouragement is
a fundamental attitude
Adler: How do you build client’s confidence
Expecting clients to assume responsibility for their lives builds their self-confidence and courage
Adler: the basic condition that prevents people from functioning
Discouragement
Adler: Application to Group Counseling
Group provides a social context
Sharing of early recollections increases group cohesiveness
Employs a time-limited framework
Adler: Strengths from a Diversity Perspective: Adlerian therapy focuses on m___
multicultural and social justice issues and addresses the concerns of a contemporary global society
Adler: Strengths from a Diversity Perspective: Concepts of ___ emerge in therapy
age, ethnicity, lifestyle, sexual/affectional orientations, and gender differences
Adler: Strengths from a Diversity Perspective: Adlerians focus on c___
Adlerians focus on cooperation and socially oriented values
Adler: Strengths from a Diversity Perspective: Adlerians investigate c___
culture in much the same way that they approach birth order and family atmosphere
Adler: Strengths from a Diversity Perspective: The approach offers f____
The approach offers flexibility in applying cognitive and action-oriented techniques to help clients explore their problems in a cultural context
Adler: Strengths from a Diversity Perspective: Adler was one of the first psychologists at the turn of the century to
advocate equality for women
Adler: Limitations from a Diversity Perspective: The approach focuses on the self as
the locus of change and responsibility, which may be problematic for some clients
Adler: Limitations from a Diversity Perspective: Exploring past childhood experiences, early memories, family experiences, and dreams
may not appeal to all
Adler: Limitations from a Diversity Perspective: If clients expect the therapist to be the “expert,”
they may be dissatisfied with the Adlerian’s collaborative stance
Contributions of Adlerian Therapy: This approach is flexible and integrative; it allows for the use of
relational, cognitive, behavioral, emotive, and experiential techniques
Contributions of Adlerian Therapy: It is suited to b____
brief, time-limited therapy
Contributions of Adlerian Therapy: Many of Adler’s ideas were revolutionary and far ahead of his time. Many of his ideas have found their way
into most of the other therapeutic approaches
Limitations of the Adlerian Approach: Adler spent most of his time teaching
his theory as opposed to systematically documenting it
Limitations of the Adlerian Approach: Many of Adler’s ideas are vague and general, which makes it
difficult to conduct research on some concepts
Limitations of the Adlerian Approach: Although brilliant in many ways, Adler was not
scholarly
