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748 cognitive behavioral Flashcards

1
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

A collaborative relationship between client and therapist

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2
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

The premise that psychological distress is often maintained by cognitive processes

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3
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

A focus on changing cognitions to produce desired changes in affect and behavior

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4
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

A present-centered, time-limited focus

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5
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

An active and directive stance by the therapist

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6
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

An educational treatment focusing on specific and structured target problems

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7
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A

Assumes that cognitions, emotions, and behaviors interact and have a reciprocal cause-and-effect relationship

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8
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A

Is highly didactic and directive

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9
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A

Teaches that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reactions to life situations

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10
Q

REBT: An Educational Process

A

Clients learn to identify the interplay of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and to identify and dispute irrational beliefs maintained by self-indoctrination

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11
Q

REBT: An Educational Process

A

Clients learn to stop absolutistic thinking, blaming, and repeating false beliefs and replace ineffective ways of thinking with effective and rational cognitions

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12
Q

Irrational Beliefs: Three basics MUSTS we internalize that inevitably lead to self-defeat:

A

“I MUST do well and be loved and approved by others.”

“Other people MUST treat me fairly, kindly, and well.”

“The world and my living conditions MUST be comfortable, gratifying, and just, providing me with all that I want in life.”

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13
Q

REBT: Therapeutic Goals

A

To help clients differentiate between realistic and unrealistic goals and between self-defeating and life-enhancing goals

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14
Q

REBT: Therapeutic Goals

A

To assist clients in the process of achieving:
Unconditional self-acceptance (USA)
Unconditional other-acceptance (UOA)
Unconditional life-acceptance (ULA)

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15
Q

Therapists practicing REBT use the following techniques:

A 
Disputing irrational beliefs
Doing cognitive homework
Bibliotherapy
Changing one’s language
Psychoeducational methods
Rational emotive imagery
Using humor
Role playing
Shame-attacking exercises
Standard behavior therapy procedures
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16
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Tailored for specific diagnoses such as anxiety, panic, eating disorders, and phobias

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17
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Treatments are standardized and based on empirical evidence

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18
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Use of homework allows lessons learned in group to generalize to the client’s daily environment

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19
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Practice assertiveness skills

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20
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Take risks by practicing different behaviors

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21
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Challenge self-defeating thinking

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22
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Learn from the experiences of others

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23
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Interact therapeutically and socially with each other in after-group sessions

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24
Q

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

Insight-focused therapy with an emphasis on changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs

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25
Q

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

Clients’ distorted beliefs are the result of cognitive errors

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26
Q

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

Psychological problems are an exaggeration of adaptive responses resulting from commonplace cognitive distortions

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27
Q

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

Through Socratic dialogue/reflective questioning, clients test the validity of their cognitions (collaborative empiricism)

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28
Q

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

Change results from reevaluating faulty beliefs based on contradictory evidence that clients have gathered

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29
Q

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

Hundreds of studies have confirmed the theoretical underpinnings of CT and established its efficacy for a wide range of psychiatric disorders

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30
Q

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

People’s internal communication is accessible to introspection

31
Q

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

Clients’ beliefs have highly personal meanings

32
Q

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

These meanings can be discovered by the client rather than being taught or interpreted by the therapist

33
Q

CT’s Cognitive Distortions

A

Arbitrary inferences

34
Q

CT’s Cognitive Distortions

A

Selective abstraction

35
Q

CT’s Cognitive Distortions

A

Overgeneralization

36
Q

CT’s Cognitive Distortions

A

Magnification and minimization

37
Q

CT’s Cognitive Distortions

A

Personalization

38
Q

CT’s Cognitive Distortions

A

Labeling and mislabeling

39
Q

CT’s Cognitive Distortions

A

Dichotomous thinking

40
Q

Negative Cognitive Triad

A

Pattern that triggers depression:
Clients hold negative views of themselves
“I am a lousy person”

Selective abstraction
Client interprets life events through a negative filter
“The world is a negative place where bad things are bound to happen to me”

Client holds a gloomy vision of the future
“The world is bleak and it isn’t going to improve”

41
Q

Applications of Cognitive Therapy

A

The length and course of CT varies greatly and is determined by the therapy protocols used for specific diagnoses
Examples:
CT for depression: lasts 16 to 20 sessions and begins with behavioral activation
CT for panic disorder: lasts 6 to 12 sessions and targets catastrophic beliefs about internal physical and mental sensations

42
Q

Strengths-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

A

Involves identifying and integrating client strengths at each phase of therapy

43
Q

Strengths-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

A

Active incorporation of client strengths encourages clients to engage more fully in therapy and often provides avenues for change that otherwise would be missed

44
Q

Applications for Strengths-Based CBT

A

An add-on for classic CBT

45
Q

Applications for Strengths-Based CBT

A

A four-step model to build resilience and other positive qualities

46
Q

Applications for Strengths-Based CBT

A

The NEW paradigm for chronic difficulties and personality disorders

47
Q

Donald Meichenbaum’s Cognitive Behavior Modification

A

Focus:

Client’s self-statements or self-talk

48
Q

Donald Meichenbaum’s Cognitive Behavior Modification

A

Premise:
As a prerequisite to behavior change, clients must notice how they think, feel, and behave, and what impact they have on others

49
Q

Donald Meichenbaum’s Cognitive Behavior Modification

A

Basic assumption:

Distressing emotions are typically the result of maladaptive thoughts

50
Q

Meichenbaum’s CBM

A

Self-instructional therapy focus:
Trains clients to modify the instructions they give to themselves so that they can cope more effectively

Emphasis is on acquiring practical coping skills

51
Q

Meichenbaum’s CBM

A

Cognitive structure:
The organizing aspect of thinking, which seems to monitor and direct the choice of thoughts

The “executive processor”

52
Q

Behavior Change in CBM

A

Three phases of behavior change
Self-observation
Starting a new internal dialogue
Learning new skills

53
Q

Meichenbaum’s Stress Inoculation training

A

SIT is a three-phase coping skills program

  1. The conceptual-educational phase
  2. Skills acquisition and skills consolidation phase
  3. Application and follow-through phase
54
Q

Cognitive Narrative Approach to CBT

A

Focuses on the plots, characters, and themes in the stories people tell about themselves and others

55
Q

Cognitive Narrative Approach to CBT

A

Meichenbaum claims that we are all “story tellers”

56
Q

Cognitive Narrative Approach to CBT

A

In therapy, clients learn how they construct reality, examine the implications and conclusions theydraw from their stories, and develop resilient-engendering behaviors

57
Q

Strengths from a Diversity Perspective

A

CBT uses the individual’s belief system, or worldview, as part of the method of self-exploration

58
Q

Strengths from a Diversity Perspective

A

Emphasis on cognition and action, and on relationship issues appeals to clients from diverse backgrounds

59
Q

Strengths from a Diversity Perspective

A

CBT and multicultural therapy share common assumptions that make integration possible

60
Q

Limitations from a Diversity Perspective

A

REBT’s negative view of dependency clashes with the view of interdependence as necessary to good mental health

61
Q

Limitations from a Diversity Perspective

A

The “rapid-fire active approach,” used by some clinicians may alienate those who value being reflective

62
Q

Limitations from a Diversity Perspective

A

Terms such as “irrational” or “maladaptive” may seem disrespectful and insensitive to clients who have felt marginalized in society

63
Q

Limitations from a Diversity Perspective

A

The emphasis on assertiveness, independence, verbal ability, rationality, cognition, and behavioral change may limit CBT’s use in cultures that hold different values

64
Q

Limitations from a Diversity Perspective

A

Inexperienced therapists may overemphasize cognitive restructuring to the neglect of environmental interventions

65
Q

Contributions of CBT

A

Both Ellis’s REBT and Beck’s CT represent the most systematic applications of CBT

66
Q

Contributions of CBT

A

The approaches are relatively brief and structured treatments that are cost effective

67
Q

Contributions of CBT

A

The cognitive behavioral theorists have demystified the therapy process

68
Q

Contributions of CBT

A

The credibility of this model grows out of the fact that many of its propositions have been empirically tested

69
Q

Contributions of CBT

A

All cognitive behavioral approaches place emphasis on practicing new skills both in therapy and in daily life, and homework is a key part of the learning process

70
Q

Limitations of CBT

A

Extensive training is required to practice CBT

71
Q

Limitations of CBT

A

Therapists may misuse power by imposing their ideas of what constitutes “rational” thinking on a client

72
Q

Limitations of CBT

A

The strong confrontational style of Ellis’s REBT may overwhelm some clients

73
Q

Limitations of CBT

A

Some clinicians think CBT interventions overlook the value of exploring a client’s past experiences

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