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748 cognitive behavioral Flashcards

1
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

A collaborative relationship between client and therapist

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2
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

The premise that psychological distress is often maintained by cognitive processes

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3
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

A focus on changing cognitions to produce desired changes in affect and behavior

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4
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

A present-centered, time-limited focus

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5
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

An active and directive stance by the therapist

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6
Q

The various cognitive behavioral approaches share the following attributes:

A

An educational treatment focusing on specific and structured target problems

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7
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A

Assumes that cognitions, emotions, and behaviors interact and have a reciprocal cause-and-effect relationship

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8
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A

Is highly didactic and directive

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9
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A

Teaches that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reactions to life situations

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10
Q

REBT: An Educational Process

A

Clients learn to identify the interplay of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and to identify and dispute irrational beliefs maintained by self-indoctrination

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11
Q

REBT: An Educational Process

A

Clients learn to stop absolutistic thinking, blaming, and repeating false beliefs and replace ineffective ways of thinking with effective and rational cognitions

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12
Q

Irrational Beliefs: Three basics MUSTS we internalize that inevitably lead to self-defeat:

A

“I MUST do well and be loved and approved by others.”

“Other people MUST treat me fairly, kindly, and well.”

“The world and my living conditions MUST be comfortable, gratifying, and just, providing me with all that I want in life.”

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13
Q

REBT: Therapeutic Goals

A

To help clients differentiate between realistic and unrealistic goals and between self-defeating and life-enhancing goals

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14
Q

REBT: Therapeutic Goals

A

To assist clients in the process of achieving:
Unconditional self-acceptance (USA)
Unconditional other-acceptance (UOA)
Unconditional life-acceptance (ULA)

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15
Q

Therapists practicing REBT use the following techniques:

A 
Disputing irrational beliefs
Doing cognitive homework
Bibliotherapy
Changing one’s language
Psychoeducational methods
Rational emotive imagery
Using humor
Role playing
Shame-attacking exercises
Standard behavior therapy procedures
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16
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Tailored for specific diagnoses such as anxiety, panic, eating disorders, and phobias

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17
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Treatments are standardized and based on empirical evidence

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18
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Use of homework allows lessons learned in group to generalize to the client’s daily environment

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19
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Practice assertiveness skills

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20
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Take risks by practicing different behaviors

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21
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Challenge self-defeating thinking

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22
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Learn from the experiences of others

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23
Q

Application of REBT to Group Counseling

A

Interact therapeutically and socially with each other in after-group sessions

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24
Q

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

Insight-focused therapy with an emphasis on changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs

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25
Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Clients’ distorted beliefs are the result of cognitive errors
26
Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Psychological problems are an exaggeration of adaptive responses resulting from commonplace cognitive distortions
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Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Through Socratic dialogue/reflective questioning, clients test the validity of their cognitions (collaborative empiricism)
28
Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Change results from reevaluating faulty beliefs based on contradictory evidence that clients have gathered
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Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Hundreds of studies have confirmed the theoretical underpinnings of CT and established its efficacy for a wide range of psychiatric disorders
30
Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
People’s internal communication is accessible to introspection
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Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Clients’ beliefs have highly personal meanings
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Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
These meanings can be discovered by the client rather than being taught or interpreted by the therapist
33
CT’s Cognitive Distortions
Arbitrary inferences
34
CT’s Cognitive Distortions
Selective abstraction
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CT’s Cognitive Distortions
Overgeneralization
36
CT’s Cognitive Distortions
Magnification and minimization
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CT’s Cognitive Distortions
Personalization
38
CT’s Cognitive Distortions
Labeling and mislabeling
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CT’s Cognitive Distortions
Dichotomous thinking
40
Negative Cognitive Triad
Pattern that triggers depression: Clients hold negative views of themselves “I am a lousy person” Selective abstraction Client interprets life events through a negative filter “The world is a negative place where bad things are bound to happen to me” Client holds a gloomy vision of the future “The world is bleak and it isn’t going to improve”
41
Applications of Cognitive Therapy
The length and course of CT varies greatly and is determined by the therapy protocols used for specific diagnoses Examples: CT for depression: lasts 16 to 20 sessions and begins with behavioral activation CT for panic disorder: lasts 6 to 12 sessions and targets catastrophic beliefs about internal physical and mental sensations
42
Strengths-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Involves identifying and integrating client strengths at each phase of therapy
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Strengths-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Active incorporation of client strengths encourages clients to engage more fully in therapy and often provides avenues for change that otherwise would be missed
44
Applications for Strengths-Based CBT
An add-on for classic CBT
45
Applications for Strengths-Based CBT
A four-step model to build resilience and other positive qualities
46
Applications for Strengths-Based CBT
The NEW paradigm for chronic difficulties and personality disorders
47
Donald Meichenbaum’s Cognitive Behavior Modification
Focus: | Client’s self-statements or self-talk
48
Donald Meichenbaum’s Cognitive Behavior Modification
Premise: As a prerequisite to behavior change, clients must notice how they think, feel, and behave, and what impact they have on others
49
Donald Meichenbaum’s Cognitive Behavior Modification
Basic assumption: | Distressing emotions are typically the result of maladaptive thoughts
50
Meichenbaum’s CBM
Self-instructional therapy focus: Trains clients to modify the instructions they give to themselves so that they can cope more effectively Emphasis is on acquiring practical coping skills
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Meichenbaum’s CBM
Cognitive structure: The organizing aspect of thinking, which seems to monitor and direct the choice of thoughts The “executive processor”
52
Behavior Change in CBM
Three phases of behavior change Self-observation Starting a new internal dialogue Learning new skills
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Meichenbaum’s Stress Inoculation training
SIT is a three-phase coping skills program 1. The conceptual-educational phase 2. Skills acquisition and skills consolidation phase 3. Application and follow-through phase
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Cognitive Narrative Approach to CBT
Focuses on the plots, characters, and themes in the stories people tell about themselves and others
55
Cognitive Narrative Approach to CBT
Meichenbaum claims that we are all “story tellers”
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Cognitive Narrative Approach to CBT
In therapy, clients learn how they construct reality, examine the implications and conclusions they draw from their stories, and develop resilient-engendering behaviors
57
Strengths from a Diversity Perspective
CBT uses the individual’s belief system, or worldview, as part of the method of self-exploration
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Strengths from a Diversity Perspective
Emphasis on cognition and action, and on relationship issues appeals to clients from diverse backgrounds
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Strengths from a Diversity Perspective
CBT and multicultural therapy share common assumptions that make integration possible
60
Limitations from a Diversity Perspective
REBT’s negative view of dependency clashes with the view of interdependence as necessary to good mental health
61
Limitations from a Diversity Perspective
The “rapid-fire active approach,” used by some clinicians may alienate those who value being reflective
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Limitations from a Diversity Perspective
Terms such as “irrational” or “maladaptive” may seem disrespectful and insensitive to clients who have felt marginalized in society
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Limitations from a Diversity Perspective
The emphasis on assertiveness, independence, verbal ability, rationality, cognition, and behavioral change may limit CBT’s use in cultures that hold different values
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Limitations from a Diversity Perspective
Inexperienced therapists may overemphasize cognitive restructuring to the neglect of environmental interventions
65
Contributions of CBT
Both Ellis’s REBT and Beck’s CT represent the most systematic applications of CBT
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Contributions of CBT
The approaches are relatively brief and structured treatments that are cost effective
67
Contributions of CBT
The cognitive behavioral theorists have demystified the therapy process
68
Contributions of CBT
The credibility of this model grows out of the fact that many of its propositions have been empirically tested
69
Contributions of CBT
All cognitive behavioral approaches place emphasis on practicing new skills both in therapy and in daily life, and homework is a key part of the learning process
70
Limitations of CBT
Extensive training is required to practice CBT
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Limitations of CBT
Therapists may misuse power by imposing their ideas of what constitutes “rational” thinking on a client
72
Limitations of CBT
The strong confrontational style of Ellis’s REBT may overwhelm some clients
73
Limitations of CBT
Some clinicians think CBT interventions overlook the value of exploring a client’s past experiences

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