7.4 French revolution Flashcards

1
Q

How, in the 18th century, French society was structured according to the estates system

A

1st: Clergy, 2: Nobility , 3rd the rest

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2
Q

why people of the third estate got dissatisfied with the monarchy and the social inequality of the estate system.

A

Because they had no privilages and powr or a say over the country and had to pay a lot more taxes

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3
Q

Why king Louis XVI called for a meeting of the Estates-General in 1789 and how this meeting ended.

A
  • called for their money issues
  • the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and, against the wishes of the King, invited the other two estates to join
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4
Q

What the Tennis Court Oath was

A

The pledge to not break up until new constitution for france has been written

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5
Q

How, why and when the French Revolution started

A

The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1794. King Louis XVI needed more money, but had failed to raise more taxes when he had called a meeting of the Estates Genera

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6
Q

How the Ancien Regime came to an end

A

bc of the revolution

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7
Q

How Robespierre could start the Reign of Terror

A

Robespierre wrote the declaration of “The order of the day”

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8
Q

How other European countries reacted to the revolution in France.

A

With an attitued of watching, waiting and warning

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9
Q

How Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power.

A

Napoleon gained power due to his respected reputation as a military officer during the French Revolution

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10
Q

How Napoleon spread the ideas of the French Revolution and how his power ended.

A

Everywhere he went, he brought some of the ideals of the French Revolution, especially through the legal system known as the Napoleonic Code

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11
Q

What happened in 1789 in france

A

it was the year of the French Revolution

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12
Q

How many estates were there

A

3; Clergy, nobility, commoners

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13
Q

The 3rd Estate: Commoners

A
  • > 95% of people were here
  • 3rd estate began to have proffesional people (doctors, lawyers, etc) Bourgeoisie
  • 3rd estate had to pay for the lifestyle of 1,2 estate
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14
Q

About society: What system had been used since the Middle Ages?

A

The estate system

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15
Q

What did the Bourgeoisie and the Nobility have in common?

A

Wealthy

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16
Q

1st estate: Clergy

A
  • Everybody who works for the Catholic Church.
  • Clergy members are called “clerics”
17
Q

2nd estate: Nobility, Aristocrats

A
  • this was the group of nobles who got land from the monarch
  • a lot of privilages, power
18
Q

3rd estate: peasents, city workers, bourgeoisie

A
  • In the Early Middle Ages that meant: mostly peasants.
  • After the Renaissance some cityworkers became successful businessmen.
    They were educated.
    They became very rich.
19
Q

What kind of change did the bourgeoisie demand?

A

They demanded the same power and privileges as the people from the first and second estate.

20
Q

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

A
  • 1770 Louis married Marie (15, 14)
  • the wedding was arranged to improve the political relationship between Austria and France.
  • 1774 –> became king and queen (reign with trouble)
21
Q

winter of 1788/1789

A
  • horrible time for peasents (Caused harvest failure)
  • farmers died of starvation
  • Nobility lived happy with a lot of food
  • King Louis waged wars with countries (unhelpful)
  • France was on the bink of bankruptcy in 1789 (american revolution)
22
Q

The last estate general meeting

A
  • Representatives of the people from all three estates together made up the Estates-General (1/2 - 300, 3- 600)
  • May 1789 –> called by louis for the money issues in Versailles
  • 3rd estate was angry
  • 3rd estate wanted: Equal votes, abolish privilages of 1,2, more euqality
23
Q

The tennis court oath

A
  • No more absolute power
  • send 20,000 soldiers in secret
  • They pledged to not break up until new constitution was formed
24
Q

Catch phrase -

A

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (

25
Why was it called the National Assembly
because they reasoned that they represented the whole nation (95%)
26
start to revolution
- In July 1789 hundreds of Parisians gathered to destroy depots, hospitals, etc - July 14th they stormed the Bastille, start of revolution!!
27
The great fear
- Between July 17th and August 3th 1789, peasants in the countryside revolted against their landlords (Great fear) - called The Great Fear because peasants believed that the higher classes created the famine on purpose - destroyed villas, castles, killed people - Called Sans Culottes bc they wore trousers
28
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
- established on August 26th - According to the Declaration everyone is born free and is equal in the eyes of the law - Inspired by the usa
29
March on Versailles
- feared the monarch wanted the old political way - took place on October 1789 - First it was marketplace woman (The Women’s March on Versailles) - People broke into the palace, ruined possesions - Protestors demanded more bread and wanted the king to accept the declaration - King and queen became prisoners of the third estate
30
The failed escape
- In 1791 the royal family tried to escape - Wanted to start counter-revolution - Arrested on the evening of June 21st at Varennes - National convention charged hi with treason - 387 voted for death penalty, 334 voted against conviction - Executed at Place de la Revolution in 1793
31
Reign of terror
- 1792 official end to monarchy - leader; Maxime Robespierre (Lawyer in estates-general, influenced by enlightenment) - Everyone who disagreed --> executed - Supported the political group, Jacobines - Lead to thousands of deaths
32
Guillotine
- king Louis and his family tried to escape executed 1793 - Painless method of execution (quick) - Clergy and aristocrats were prosecuted - 40,000 killed in FR
33
End of terror
- ended in 1794 - Robespierre was executed in 1794 bc of dictorial behavior - Jacobines lost their leader and were replaced
34
Napolean Bonaparte
- 1799 france was recovering - France was now a republic - Became new leader - was a general that returned to france in 1798 - won against italy and egypt - People saw him as a hero
35
Fist Coalation war
- 1792-1797 - military conflict between france and european countries
36
Monarchy ... again
- moderates asked for NB's support in coup d'états - economic decline in France - NB brought peace n stability to the country - 1799-1804b his position grew stronger - The Pope was not allowed to perform the coronation by Napoleon - became an emperor
37
The Napoleonic Wars
- famous for victories - 1804-1815 - won 60 battles - lost 7
38
New political ideas
- code napoleon - new measurements were introduced to conquered countries
39
France x russia
- 1812 nb attacked russia - russians evaded attacks by granbde armee - reatreated w/ 30,000 men left - NB defeated in waterloo 1815