7.4 Flashcards
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells.
Example: Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction, producing gametes.
What is fertilization?
Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell and an egg cell combine to form a zygote.
Example: Fertilization restores the diploid number of chromosomes.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and gene sequence, one inherited from each parent.
What are sister chromatids?
Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome
What does haploid mean?
Haploida cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes, typically seen in gametes.
What does diploid mean?
Diploid a cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, typical of somatic cells.
What is a somatic cell?
A somatic cell is any cell of a living organism that is not a gamete, containing a diploid set of chromosomes.
What is a gamete?
A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell, such as a sperm or egg, that can unite with another gamete to form a zygote.
What is crossing over?
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
What is independent assortment?
Independent assortment is the random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
How do sexual and asexual reproduction compare?
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes, while asexual reproduction involves a single organism reproducing without gametes.
How does genetic variation occur in asexual vs sexual reproduction?
Genetic variation in sexual reproduction arises from meiosis and fertilization, whereas asexual reproduction typically produces genetically identical offspring.
How does prophase of mitosis compare to prophase I and II of meiosis?
In prophase of mitosis, chromosomes condense and align, while in prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair and undergo crossing over.
How does metaphase of mitosis compare to metaphase I and II of meiosis?
In metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up individually, while in metaphase I of meiosis, homologous pairs line up together.
How does anaphase of mitosis compare to anaphase I and II of meiosis?
In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled apart, while in anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated.
How do parent and daughter cells of mitosis compare to those of meiosis?
Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells.
