3.2 and 3.3

Question 1

macromolecule monomer polymer

Answer 1

carbohydrates monomer polysaccarides
lipids fatty acids triglycerides
proteins amino aids polypeptides
nucleic acids nucleotide polynucleotides

Question 2

macromolecules purpose

Answer 2

lipids- chemical messengers and repels water
carbohydrates- energy and structure
Nucleic acids- genetic info
proteins- storage signals structure has enzymes

Question 3

same and differences in amino acid structure

Answer 3

they all start out with the same base but the r group changes the amino acid and changes the folding of it to give it a new function

Question 4

4 levels of protein structure

Answer 4

primary secondary tertiary quaternary

Question 5

what happens in protein denaturation

Answer 5

it breaks the covalent bonds that makes the structure of the protein and the structure becomes deformed

Question 6

Explain how tertiary structure is formed by interactions between the following:
Hydrophobic interactions
Hydrophilic interactions
Acidic and Basic side chains
Cysteine side chains

Answer 6

amino acids with nonpolar, hydrophobic R groups cluster together on the inside of the protein, leaving hydrophilic amino acids on the outside to interact with surrounding water molecules.acid groups whose pKa’s are low enough to lose protons, becoming negatively charged in the process.Their pKa’s are high enough that they tend to bind protons, gaining a positive charge in the process.When a protein folds, two Cys side chains might approach each other, and form an intrachain disulfide bond.

Question 7

Examples of protein types and functions: i.e. enzymes catalyze chemical reactions

Answer 7

Enzymes-catalyst chemical reactions
Hormones-long distance chemical signals
amino acids- monomers that make up the protein
peptide bonds-made up of polypeptide chains

Question 8

Compare and contrast the structure and functions of different groups of macromolecules

Answer 8

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, are the four major macromolecules. They perform important functions, including providing structural support, being a source of stored fuel, storing and retrieving genetic information, and speeding biochemical reactions.

Question 9

Why and how would the structure and function of a protein change if a hydrophobic amino acid was substituted for a hydrophilic one?

Answer 9

It can mess with the folding and give the protein an different structure which affects the function

Question 10

amino acid def

Answer 10

molecule the combines to form proteins