10.1

Question 1

niche

Answer 1

biotic or abiotic resorces that species need

Question 2

realised niche

Answer 2

what actualy happens

Question 3

fundemental niche

Answer 3

what should happen

Question 4

mutualism

Answer 4

++

Question 5

commensalism

Answer 5

+0

Question 6

Parasitism
Predation
Herbivory

Answer 6

-+

Question 7

faculative

Answer 7

recives benefits from other but dosent need other

Question 8

obligatory

Answer 8

needs other

Question 9

What is likely to happen if the niches of two species overlap a little? Overlap a lot?

Answer 9

two find new niches only for them if not and full overlap them one species will die

Question 10

How can niche partitioning increase the biodiversity of a community? What are some ways that species can partition their niches?

Answer 10

causes them to be unique in community daytime food where they are

Question 11

Compare and contrast different interspecies interactions, give examples of each type

Answer 11

1. Competition:
   Definition:
   Occurs when two or more species use the same limited resources, leading to a negative impact on both species.
   Examples:
   Plants: Different tree species competing for sunlight and nutrients in a forest.
   Animals: Lions and leopards competing for the same prey in an African savanna.
   Bacteria: Different species of bacteria competing for nutrients in a petri dish.
   Contrast:
   While both species are negatively affected, the intensity of the negative impact can vary depending on the resources and the species involved.
2. Predation:
   Definition: One species (the predator) kills and consumes another species (the prey).
   Examples:
   Animals: A lion hunting and eating a zebra.
   Animals: A hawk catching and eating a mouse.
   Herbivory: A cow eating grass (a form of predation where an animal eats a plant).
   Contrast: Predation is a short-term interaction, with the predator benefiting and the prey being negatively impacted, while herbivory is a specific type of predation focused on plant consumption.
3. Parasitism:
   Definition:
   One species (the parasite) benefits at the expense of another species (the host), which is harmed.
   Examples:
   Animals: A tick feeding on a dog, drawing blood and causing irritation.
   Animals: A tapeworm living in a human’s intestines, absorbing nutrients.
   Plants: A mistletoe growing on a tree, absorbing nutrients and water.
   Contrast:
   Unlike predation, parasitism often involves a long-term relationship where the parasite lives on or in the host, causing harm but not necessarily death.
4. Mutualism:
   Definition: Both species involved benefit from the interaction.
   Examples:
   Animals: Bees pollinating flowers, receiving nectar in return.
   Animals: Clownfish living in sea anemones, receiving protection and the anemone benefits from the clownfish cleaning it.
   Animals: Ants protecting acacia trees from herbivores and the trees providing the ants with shelter.
   Contrast: Mutualism is a positive interaction for all species involved, unlike competition or predation where one species benefits at the expense of the other.
5. Commensalism:
   Definition:
   One species benefits from the interaction, while the other species is neither harmed nor helped.
   Examples:
   Animals: Cattle egrets following cattle, feeding on insects stirred up by the cattle’s movement.
   Animals: Birds nesting in trees, the trees are not harmed or helped by the birds.
   Contrast:
   Commensalism is a neutral interaction for one species, unlike mutualism where both species benefit, or parasitism where one species is harmed.