73. The tumor-organism relationship

Question 1

Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome

Answer 1

Frequent in case of carcinomas
Cachectic mediators: (Tumour-derived factors, Host’s humoral factors)
Clinical turnout:
▪ Anorexia
▪ Early satiety
▪ Emaciation
▪ Anemia
▪ Asthenia, weakness
▪ Generalised weakness, lethargy, mental fatigue

Question 2

What is the effect of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)?

Answer 2

CRF is anorexigenic

Question 3

Sequel of weightloss

Answer 3

▪ Muscle atrophy
▪ Hormonal changes
▪ Glucose intolerance
▪ Insulin resistence

Question 4

Paraneoplasia

Answer 4

Often follows neoplastic processes
Symptomes are not derived from the tumour itself or it’s metastases, but usually they have a humoral background effect
Biologically active compounds produced by tumour cells or induced production in other tissues

Question 5

Paraneoplasia – hormonal symptomes example

Answer 5

dog:
mediastinal lymphoma/perianal gland carcinoma ==> parathormon-like peptid ==> hypercalcaemia

Question 6

Feminisation syndrome

Answer 6

In case of oestrogene producing testicular tumours (Sertoli-cell tumour)

Question 7

Anti-tumour effector cells

Answer 7

▪ Cytotoxic T cell (CD8+) – antigene recognition
▪ NK cells – direct lysis without sensibilisation
▪ Macrophages - TNFα, ROS, increase of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis
▪ Humoral processes – complement system activation

Question 8

Tumour specific antigenes (TSA)

Answer 8

only on tumor cells

Question 9

Tumorassociated antigenes (TAA)

Answer 9

next to tumor cells