725 Test 1 Flashcards
What is psychopharmacology?
Area of of pharmacology specializing in drug-induced changes in mood, thinking, and behavior.
What is a therapeutic drug effect?
A drug-receptor interaction that produces a DESIRED physical or behavioral change.
What is a side effect?
Effects of a drug that is NOT therapeutic.
What is bioavailability?
The concentration of a drug present in the blood that is free to bind to specific target sites to elicit a drug action.
What are FIVE pharmacokinetic factors that determine the bioavailability (concentraion in blood free to bind) of drugs? DABIE
- Drug administration
- Absorption/distribution
- Binding
- Inactivation
- Excretion
Where can absorption and distribution take place (5)?
Membranes of oral cavity (PO), GI tract (PO), and peritoneum (supposites), and lungs (inhalation), skin (cream), and muscles (IM).
Where are the 4 sites of excretion?
Lungs (exhale), intestines (BM), kidneys (urine), sweat glands (sweat)
Where are 6 inactivation sites?
Brain, stomach, liver, intestine, kidneys, blood plasma
What is first pass metabolism?
PO –> liver metabolizes some before it can circulate through the body
What body part (where) is the primary target for PSYCHOactive medications?
Brain
What 3 things is absorption dependent upon? (RDSi)
Route of administration
Drug concentration
Solubility/Ionization
What kind of solubility must a drug have to allow molecules to pass the phospholipid bilayer of most cells?
lipid soluble
What kind of LAZY diffusion does lipid soluble drugs use to move through cell membranes?
passive diffusion
Where do NON-lipid soluble drugs move through the body? How (solubility or ionization)?
One body compartment to another via IONIZATION
What are two “barriers” that distribution is limited by?
Blood-brain and placental
Once the drug is absorbed by the blood and is circulating through the body, what kind of organs are higher concentrations found? Until when?
Hypervascular organs; until the drug gradually redistributes to all tissues in the body
What is depot binding? (depot = storage, not actively using)
Binding of a drug to inactive sites
If a drug rapidly binds to depots (inactive “storage”) prior to reaching the target site how is onset affected? How will this effect the effect of the drug?
Slows onset; reduced effects (drug bound to inactive site so decreased)
If drugs are competing for a depot-binding site, what would you expect the blood drug level to be of the displayed drug? What could this cause?
higher than expected blood levels of displaced drug, possibly causing greater side effects, even toxicity
If an unmetabolized drug is bound to a depot-binding site, will the drug remain in body longer or shorter, how does this effect it’s action?
Longer with a prolonged action
What’s the therapeutic outcome when a drug is redistributed to less vascularized tissues and inactive sites? BAD DRUG, YOU ARE TERMINATED
termination of drug action
When there is high binding to depot-binding sites (inactive) is there more or less free drug available? How does this appear in regards to dosing?
Less; people seem to need higher doses
When there is low binding to depot-binding sites (inactive) is there more or less free drug available? How does this appear in the patient?
More; people seem to be more sensitive
What is another word for biotransformation?
inactivation
