723 Test One

Question 1

How can depression present differently in children or adolescents?

Answer 1

as irritability

Question 2

How would you know someone has a depressed mood?

Answer 2

If they report feeling depression or with symptoms of depression OR if observed with signs of depression

Question 3

What is anhedonia?

Answer 3

Markedly diminished interest or loss of pleasure in almost all activities most of the day, nearly every day (can be through subjective report or observation)

Question 4

What is psychomotor retardation?

Answer 4

Slowing of thought and reduction in physical movements, i.e. physical, emotional reaction, speech, or affect slowing

Question 5

What is psychomotor agitation?

Answer 5

Movements that serve no purpose, i.e. pacing, tapping foot, rapid talking that is observable to others

Question 5

DSM Criteria for depression?

Answer 5

1. Same 2-wk period having depressed mood and/or anhedonia AND 4 nearly qd: weight or appetite change, sleep change, psychomotor agitation/retardation, fatigue, worthlessness, guilt (more than guilt about being sick), concentration issues/indecisiveness, recurrent thought of death (not just dying).
2. Cause distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas.
3. Isn’t attributed to substances or other mental DO.
4. No hx of mania/hypomania.

Question 5

What are two higher risks factors for MDD w/seasonal component?

Answer 5

Younger age and live at higher altitudes

Question 6

How is hypomania different than mania per criteria?

Answer 6

1. lasting AT LEAST four days
2. At 3 associated symptoms that are PERSISTANT
3. Unequivocal change in functioning but not MARKED
4. Changes obvious to other

Question 6

Criteria for mania?

Answer 6

1. elevated mood lasting at least 1 wk w/increased activity or energy, present most of day, nearly every day; hospitalization meets criteria automatically
2. 3 or more: grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative w/pressured speech, flight of ideas/subjective racing thoughts, distractibility or psychomotor agitation, and reckless behavior
3. Marked impairment in functioning
4. Isn’t r/t substance use or other medical condition

Question 6

Bipolar I DO criteria?

Answer 6

mania x1 episode at least, not better explained by other mental DO that is likely to cause psychosis (DEPRESSION NOT REQUIRED)

Question 6

MDD w/specifier of seasonal pattern is marked by what specifically?

Answer 6

Regularity, particular time of year, number of depression episodes occur more during that time of year, and occurred twice in last 2 years

Question 6

Bipolar II DO criteria?

Answer 6

hypomania and depressive episodes current or past, not better explained by other mental DO that is likely to cause psychosis, never had mania

Question 6

What does CBT combine? What is it’s focus? What diagnoses is it useful in treating? How many sessions does it typically include?

Answer 6

psychotherapy and behavior therapy; to provide tools to solve present problems; all; 5-20

Question 7

What is prodrome?

Answer 7

Red flag to patients prior to having mania

Question 7

Where are negative thoughts generated? When do they typically start? What are examples of what they lead to?

Answer 7

dysfunctional core beliefs (“I don’t matter”, “no one loves me”, “I know I am going to fail”; childhood; avoiding new activities, seeking relationships, obsessing about weight/appearance

Question 7

What principle is CBT based on?

Answer 7

thought patterns affect emotions which then affect your behaviors (negative thoughts lead to negative feelings then negative actions), if you can reframe your thoughts more positively, your feelings and behaviors will become positive

Question 7

What are intermediate beliefs? Are they broad or specific? What do they shape?

Answer 7

attitudes/rules implemented on life; broad; thoughts, affecting behaviors (if I do X then X will happen)

Question 8

What are automatic thoughts? What can these thoughts lead to and cause?

Answer 8

thoughts about self/other that apply to certain situations that automatically come to mind (typically don’t notice); distortion which can promote negative feeling/behavior

Question 9

How soon can a person implement strategies and feel better w/CBT? How does it begin?

Answer 9

Right away; identifying situations that are associated w/negative emotions; decide how they affect/and how to change thoughts