7.1: The Role Of Technology In Physical Activity And Sport Flashcards
1
Q
Research definition:
A
- a systematic process of investigation and study carrier out with the aim of advancing knowledge.
2
Q
Sports analytics definition:
A
- the analysis of sports days using analytical tools and methods for days to be subjected to analytical procedures in order to try to improve results.
3
Q
What is OPTA?
A
- a company that has statisticians gathering and analysing sporting data collected in order to create the best predications possible.
- sports such as cricket and football use companies like OPTA to fine-tune and optimise performance, give detailed analysis on opponents and help in the effective recruitment of new talent.
4
Q
What is quantitative research?
A
- a formal, objective and systematic process used to gather quantitative data.
- i.e. factual information and numerical data
- most cuteness tests use quantitative data (e.g. the VO2 max test on a treadmill)
5
Q
What is qualitative research?
A
- focused on words as opposed to numbers
- subjective as it looks at feelings, opinions and emotions (e.g. a group of coaches expressing an opinion when judging a gymnast performing competitive routine).
6
Q
Why is qualitative research data used?
A
- to try ans gain a better understanding of a participant’s experiences.
- e.g. qualitative methodology such as open ended questions can be used to explore the feelings of anxiety.
- in depth interviews can be used to establish whether more frequent exercisers have a more accurate understanding of this injuries than less frequent exercisers.
7
Q
What is objective data?
A
- fact-based information which is measurable and usu able (e.g. the level achiever on the multi-stage fitness test which links to a VO2 max score ).
- meaningful for decision making when feeding back to sports performers (e.g. performance analysis of a swimmer at the English Institute of Sport.
8
Q
What is subjective data?
A
- data base on personal opinion which is less measurable and often less usable.
- based on personal opinions, assumptions, interpretations, emotions and beliefs.
- e.g. a parent talking to their child at half time during a hockey match, giving their opinion of their performance in the first half.
9
Q
What is validity?
A
- when the test actually measures what it sets out to do.
10
Q
What is reliability?
A
- when the data collected is consistent and similar results are achieved when the data collection process is repeated at a later date.
11
Q
Why are video and analysis programmes used?
A
- analyse individual technique or team pertinences.
- individual level: used to analyse gait and biomechanics aspects of performance with any information gained also potentially able to help on injury rehabilitation.
12
Q
What is video motion analysis?
A
- a technique used to get information about moving objects from video.
- involves a high-speed camera and a computer with software allowing frame-by-frame playback or the footage on video.
13
Q
Why is video analysis useful?
A
- in the individual analysis of technical performance (e.g. to identify and correct problems with an athlete’s technique such as the angle of release when through a shot)
- the Anaya kid can take place either immediately after performance (e.g. at the side of the track) or can be undertaken in a more controlled laboratory environment.
14
Q
What are the two distinct sport science disciplines?
A
- notational match analysis: used to record aspects of individual or team performance
- biomechanics: used to analyse the sporting impact of body movements (sometimes called kinematics)
- they both use similar methods and use quantitative data during or after an event to quantify performance in an accurate, reliable and valid way.
15
Q
EIS report statistic:
A
- athletes and coaches only recall about 30% correctly; so performance analysis can help us with the other 70%.
16
Q
What is performance analysis (PA)?
A
- the provision or objective feedback to a performer who is trying to get a positive change in performance
- feedback can be gained on a aridity of performance indicators including;
- the number of passes made
- pass completion success rates
- number of shots attempted
- distance run in km
- number of shots on target
17
Q
PA techniques - training environment?
A
- immediate visual feedback software is useful to provide images pre- and post-training feedback for the athlete and coach to compare.
18
Q
PA techniques - competitive environment:
A
- the coach and performer may look at the stats of their opponent(s) before discussing the data, alongside other past experiences against this opposition, to come up with a plan to win.
- by using particular tactics to outwit the opponent
19
Q
What is indirect calorimetry?
A
- the measurement of the amount of heat/energy generated in an oxidation reaction by determine the intake or consumption of oxygen or by measuring the amount of CO2 released and translating these quantities into a heat equivalent.
- relatively accurate
- technique where headgear is attached to a subject while they breathe for a specific amount of time.
- inspired and expired gas flows, climes and concentrations of O2 and CO2 are measured.
20
Q
What is the equipment used when measuring indirect calorimetry?
A
- metabolic cart
21
Q
What is metabolic cart?
A
- a device which works by attaching headgear to a subject while they breathe a specific amount of oxygen over a period of time.
- used to measure the body’s metabolism through the amount of heat procures when the body is at rest.
22
Q
Calorimetry definition:
A
- measurements or the heat/energy eliminated or stored in any system.
23
Q
What are the two factors to calculate the best production - metabolic cart?
A
- the intake of oxygen for the body
- the output of carbon dioxide.
- these two figures will provide the result for the metabolic cart which is generally measured as resting energy expenditure (REE)
24
Q
Factors affecting the resting energy expenditure?
A
- smoking and drugs (amphetamines) can increase REE
- weight
- height
- height to weight ratio
- age
- gender
- REE is lower in women than in men
25
Q
What are the benefits of indirect calorimetry to individuals?
A
- to determine their energy requirements and response to nutrition over time
- they can calculate energy expenditure which allows determination of nutritional requirements/caloric needs.
- those who are classified/potentially classified as obese.
26
Q
What are the difficulties affecting the validity and reliability of using indirect calorimetry?
A
- inaccuracies from air leaks
- possible inaccuracies from measurement/recording errors
- difficult to use on children
- overfeeding/underfeeding may occur based on results received.
27
Q
What is GPS software?
A
- GPS: a space-based navigation system that provides location and time information
28
Q
Why is GPS software used?
A
- they give coaches a vast amount if information immediately
- they track the speed, distance and direction or individuals being monitored.
29
Q
Why is GPS used?
A
- provides data which helps improve performance via monitoring success rates in technical performance.
- can also help coaches to make objective decisions about possible substitutions
- can decrease level or injury as GPS can gauge a performer’s fatigue level.
- if recovering from injury, GPS can be used to manage the workload during their rehab.
30
Q
GPS technology - example:
A
football:
- used to monitor and track a player’s speed and distance covered during a game or training session.
- also used to measure a player’s heart rate, pace, recovery time and the amount of dynamic acceleration
31
Q
Reason why GPS is used for player performance?
A
- makes better use of training time/ensures training meets game demand
- improves the tactical analysis undertaken at a club.
- helps a coach compare player performance and potentially ‘pick the best players’ for the team based on GPS data.
- helps to get injured players successfully through rehab at a faster rate.
32
Q
What is data integrity?
A
- maintaining and ensuring the accuracy and consistency of stored data over its entire lifetime.
33
Q
Data integrity using sport analytics definition:
A
- refers to the validity of data (i.e. it’s relevance/meaningfulness)
34
Q
How can data integrity be compromised?
A
- human error when data is entered
- errors occurring when data is transited from one computer to another
- software bugs or viruses
- hardware malfunction such as disk crashes.
35
Q
What are the ways to minimise threats to data integrity?
A
- regularly backing-up data
- controlling access to data and protecting against malicious intent via security mechanisms.
- not leaving a computer unattended for anyone to access
- using error detection and correction software when transmitting data
