7.1 protein structure & functions Flashcards
includes topics such as: Protein Denaturation, Side chains, the Four Levels of Protien Structure, etc.
(Protein) Denaturation
Conditions that disrupt the hydrogen and ionic bonds leading to a change in structure and a loss in any function.
How can you identify in side chains are nonpolar, polar, acidic, or basic?
Polar- containing a polar group (ex. sulfur, hydroxy, etc.)
Nonpolar- only being made of carbon & hydrogen
Acidic- releases H+ into solution & contains a negative charge
Basic- contains an amino group (NH2)
What are the four levels of protein structure?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
Explain how tertiary structure is formed by interactions between the following: Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, Acidic and Basic side chains, and Cysteine side chains
Hydrophobic amino acids will start to group in the center for “protection”, hydrophillic amino acids will spread towards the outside of the protein, acidic and basic start to create ionic bonds with one other, and cysteine side chains will attract towards each other.
What do Pumps, Channels, and Receptors do?
They recieve and deliver messages back and forth across the membrane.
What do Horomones do?
Carry molecular messages through the bloodstream
What do Antibodies do?
Engage in constant war in the bloodstream
What does Infrastructure do?
Gives support to moving cells.
What do Enzymes do?
Cut and join the molecules of life.
Why and how would the structure and function of a protein change if a hydrophobic amino acid was substituted for a hydrophilic one?
Hydrophobic amino acids cannot stand water, leading them to group in the center. If in the group of hydrophobic amino acids there was a hydrophilic one, the structure would have to change to accomodate the hydrophilic animo acid to travel to the outside of the protein.
How are the effects and results of protein denaturation different from the effect and results of a mutation?
Mutations and Protien Denaturation are similar. They both end up adding an amino acid in a group that isn’t used to one, or extremely out of the ordinary from the others. In Protien Denaturation, when there is an unusual animo acid added, the who protein looses it’s function. During Mutation, another unusual amino acid is added, but more than one protein will loose their functions.
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
The joining of an enzyme and a substrate.
(super fancy term for no reason.)
