7-WesternCultures-Greece-StudyGuide-Part2 Flashcards
Oracle
Person who could speak with the Gods
Intellect
Ability to learn and reason
Prophecy
Statement of what might happen in the future
Pancratium
Fighting event, combined wrestling and boxing
Pentathalon
Five events
Philosophia
Love of wisdom, studying laws of nature
Classify
Group together like items, Aristotle’s idea for examining plants and animals
Socratic Method
Questioning designed to make person arrive at an answer pr the Truth
Comedy
Play with happy ending
Tragedy
Type of play, story about suffering
Hypothesis
Possible explanation, educated guess
Logic
Science of reasoning
Mt. Olympus
Where the Greek Gods and Goddesses lived
Agora
Marketplace, where politics were discussed, items were traded, and people socialized
Herodutus
Father of History, wrote historical accounts of the Persian War (think History)
The Republic
First political science book
Political science
Study of government
The Dialogues
Written by Plato on what the Truth is
Hippocratic Oath
Oath physicians take, ethics and protection of patients rights
Frieze
Band of sculpture located above columns on a Greek building, contains metopes
Pediment
Triangular area located between frieze and roof on Greek building
Parthenon
Built by Pericles in Golden Age to honor Athena
Grammatisites
Taught reading, writing, and arithmetic
Kitharistes
Taught singing and playing instruments (think Keys on a piano)
Gymnastics
Taught wrestling and gymnastics
Three types of pottery
Geometric- repeating shapes
Black-Figure style- shows mythical and daily life scenes
Red-Figure style- shows variety of poses, human muscles, and facial features
Aristotle
Plato’s famous student, wrote History of Animals (classification) (think Animals)
Aspasia
Supported women’s rights, thought to write Pericles’s Funeral Oration
Pericles
Military/government leader during Golden Age of Athens
Plato
Wrote The Republic, taught Aristotle (think Politics)
Pythagoras
Pythagorean Theorem, measured music mathematically
Sophocles
Athens’s greatest playwright, wrote Oedipus Rex, son murdered father to gain crown and also married mother (think Shakespeare)
Thucydides
Historian and writer, exiled for failure in battle
phalanx
military tactic/formation created by Phillip II
orator
public speaker
barbaroi
barbarians, what the Greeks called the Persians
immigrate
move onto a city-state
emigrate
move out of a city-state
What did the new rulers of Greece do?
trade was increased under Phillip II (he was of Greek decent)
What does the term Hellenistic mean?
Like the Greeks (the Hellenes)
Hen Philip II of Macedonia was young, what happened to him?
He was taken hostage by Thebes
What did Philip II learn in Thebes?
to love Greek culture
What did Philip believe was his destiny?
to unite the Greek city-states under one (his) rule
What was the Macedonian army like before Philip transformed it?
it consisted of volunteers
How did Philip cause the Greek city-states to fight?
he broke treaties, and caused disagreements
Why did Philip try to make the city-states fight?
to weaken them so his army could move in
How did Philip form alliances?
partnerships and marriages
Who tried to warn the Greeks of Philip
Demosthenes (orator)
How did Philip II die?
Assassination (336 BC)
Who were Alexander (the Great)’s parents?
Phillip and Olympia of Macedonia
In what position was Alexander by age 16?
he was in charge of the cavalry
What were some subjects taught to Alexander by Aristotle?
literature, political science, geography
What was Alexander’s dream for his empire?
a worldwide state, everyone living in piece
How many cities did Alexander create in total?
70
What was the name of 16 of Alexander’s cities?
Alexandria
Which was the most famous Alexandria?
Egypt- Pharos, Lighthouse of Alexandria, and the Library
What happened at the Indus River Valley?
Alexander’s soldiers refused to fight/advance further
How did Alexander conquer cities?
siege engines and catapults
How much was Alexander worth?
$60 billion
How did Alexander die?
Malaria (mosquito bite)
How old was Alexander when he died?
32
What happened to Alexander’s body in Babylon?
It was wrapped in gold and placed in a glass coffin
Who did Alexander say should take over his Empire?
the strongest
What really happened to Alexander’s Empire?
Divided among his generals
Why did Greeks emigrate form their home city-states?
to work in foreign factories
How did the Golden Age of Athens cause the Peloponesian War?
Athens got wealthy.
Smaller league members became frustrated and wanted to leave the league.
These city-states turned to Sparta for help.
Sparta said that Athens must release the Delian League’s city-states or face War.
What happened to Greece in 146 BCE?
The Romans invaded
What led to the decline of the Greek city-states?
People lost sense of community. The war was expensive. People wanted to male money Bitterness between classes Thebes's rule weakened Greece Greece was not strong enough to fight off an invasion.
