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K 7th Grade > 7-WesternCultures-Greece-Study Guide Part 1 > Flashcards

7-WesternCultures-Greece-Study Guide Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

polis

A

city-state including the settlement and farmland

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2
Q

Dark Age

A

a period where people forget how to read and write

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3
Q

foreigner

A

a person from another city-state

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4
Q

Monarchy

A

one lawful ruler

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5
Q

aristocrats

A

wealthy men who inherited land; wealthy landowners who provided advice

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6
Q

Oligarchy

A

ruling power is in the hands of a few

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7
Q

Tyranny

A

one unlawful ruler

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8
Q

Democracy

A

all citizens share in the ruling power

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9
Q

citizen

A

free male person of age in that city-state which he was born

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10
Q

direct democracy

A

every citizen can vote on every issue

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11
Q

representative democracy

A

people vote for representatives who decide on the issues

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12
Q

Assembly

A

lawmaking group

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13
Q

What forced people in Greece to settle in isolated communities?

A

mountains

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14
Q

What did these communities have in common?

A

Language

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15
Q

How did Greeks identify themselves?

A

with hometown/polis

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16
Q

Why did the Monarch lose power?

A

Dependent on aristocrats

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17
Q

Why did the Oligarch lose power?

A

Rich got richer poor got poorer

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18
Q

Why did the Tyrant lose power?

A

ruled too harshly, forced out

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19
Q

Athenians got the goods they needed for everyday life:

A

through trade and by buying and selling goods in the agora

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20
Q

Spartans got the goods they needed for everyday life:

A

from conquered peoples and from Helots, slaves, and Perioeci, free/non-citizens, who did all the work (aristocracy managed government and army)

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21
Q

Athenian Education

A

Boys were taught at home by mothers until age 6-8
Boys attended three other schools
Girls were taught to cook, clean, and weave

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22
Q

Spartan Education

A

Boys and girls were trained to fight
Boys were taught to read and write
Skills for survival (stealing was a way of life)

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23
Q

Who were the Ten thousand Immortals?

A

Persian warriors

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24
Q

satrapies

A

provinces led by appointed official

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25
Q

Where did Darius build his capital?

A

Persepolis

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26
Q

Where did Darius build his capital?

A

Persepolis

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27
Q

Why did Darius conquer Ionian city-states?

A

to gain control of trade-routes and wealth

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28
Q

What was the Ionian Rvolt?

A

Ionians and Athenians fighting against the Persians

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29
Q

What did the Persians set-up as the form of government?

A

puppet rulers

30
Q

HOw did the Ionians respond to Persian rules?

A

They asked Greek mainland for help

31
Q

Who was the only city state to help the Ionians?

A

Athens

32
Q

How long did the Ionian Revolt Last?

A

Five years

33
Q

Who won the revolt?

A

Persia

34
Q

What was Darius’s response to Athens’s part in the Ionian Revolt?

A

revenge (Persian War)

35
Q

What marked the beginning of the Persian War?

A

493 BCE, the end of the Ionian Revolt

36
Q

Where was the first battle of the Persian War?

A

Marathon

37
Q

Why didn’t Sparta send help to Athens immediately?

A

They were celebrating a religious festival, also only wanted to protect themselves (no sense of unity between city-states of Greece)

38
Q

Why didn’t Darius use his cavalry at Marathon?

A

He wanted to use them to attack Athens

39
Q

Who won at Marathon?

A

Greeks easily beat the weaker Persian infantry with out the stronger Persian cavalry

40
Q

Who took control of the Persian army after Darius died

A

Xerxes, his son

41
Q

How did the northern city-states respond to the Persian invasion?

A

the surrendered quickly

42
Q

What two city-states worked together against the Persians?

A

Athens and Sparta

43
Q

Who was the Spartan leader/king?

A

Leonidas

44
Q

How did the Persians get through the pass at Thermopylae?

A

A Greek betrayed the secret pass

45
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Thermopylae?

A

All the Spartans and Leonidas were killed

46
Q

Why did the Greeks flee to Salamis?

A

To avoid capture in a siege

47
Q

What did Xerxes do to Athens?

A

He destroyed and burned it, in revenge for the burnings of his city(s) in the Ionian revolt

48
Q

Who was the Athenian general at Salamis

A

Themisticles

49
Q

Why didn’t Xerxes want to attack the Greeks by sea?

A

Xerxes knew his navy was weaker

50
Q

What was the false message sent by the Athenian general at Salamis?

A

Themistocles had changed sides

51
Q

What happened to the Persian fleet once they entered the channel at Salamis?

A

They were surrounded

52
Q

Who won the battle of Salamis?

A

Greeks, under Themistocles

53
Q

Where did the final battle of the persian War take place?

A

Platea

54
Q

When did the Persian War end?

A

479 BCE

55
Q

What was the name of the defensive league created after the Persian War?

A

Delian League (HQ on island of Delos)

56
Q

What was the purpose of this Delian League?

A

protection

57
Q

Who didn’t join the Delian League?

A

Sparta

58
Q

How did Athens become rich due to the formation of the Delian League?

A

Athens collected taxes/money to build ships for trade

59
Q

How did the other city-states feel about Athens’s wealth?

A

resentful and had disputes

60
Q

Who was the main leader at the time of the Delian League?

A

Athens, under Pericles

61
Q

What happened in Athens under Pericles?

A

Golden Age of Athens

62
Q

What brought about the decline of Athens?

A

The Peloponnesian War

63
Q

Who was the Peloponnesian War fought between?

A

Athens and Sparta

64
Q

Why did the Peloponnesian War begin?

A

Athens attacked a Spartan ally, Sparta declared war on Athens

65
Q

How long did the Peloponnesian War last?

A

27 years

66
Q

Who won the Peloponnesian war?

A

Sparta

67
Q

What is a mercenary?

A

A hired soldier

68
Q

Why did some Greeks become mercenaries?

A

to make money

69
Q

What city-state took control of Greece upon the conclusion of this war?

A

Thebes (who took over from Sparta, who beat Athens)

70
Q

What led to the downfall of Thebes?

A

Thebes and the other city-states were no longer strong enough to fight off invaders (namely Philip II of Macedon)

K 7th Grade (28 decks)

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