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K 7th Grade > 7-Science-Ecology-Final Test > Flashcards

7-Science-Ecology-Final Test Flashcards

1
Q

ecology

A

study of relationships between living things and the environment

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2
Q

introduced species

A

a non-native plant, animal, or other organism that is introduced to a new environment deliberately or accidentally

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3
Q

population

A

a group of individuals of one species living in an area (lake, PA, etc)

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4
Q

Food web

A

a diagram that models the feeding relationships within an ecosystem

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5
Q

producer

A

organisms that make their own food; form the base of the food web

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6
Q

consumer

A

organisms that get energy by eating food (producers and/or other consumers)

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7
Q

herbivore

A

consumer that eats producers (plants)

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8
Q

carnivore

A

consumer that eats other consumers (animals)

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9
Q

Omnivore

A

consumer that eats both plants and animals

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10
Q

decomposer

A

consumes dead/decaying organisms and/or waste

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11
Q

Photosynthesis

A

process in which plants use sunlight as energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into food (sugars) (also produces “waste product” of Oxygen)

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12
Q

Xylem

A

tubes that move water throughout a plant

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13
Q

Stomata

A

pores/holes in a leaf that allow water vapor, carbon dioxide, and oxygen to move in and out of the leaf

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14
Q

cell wall

A

support and stiffen the cells

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15
Q

vacuole

A

stores water

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16
Q

chloroplasts

A

absorbs light; house reactions of photosynthesis

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17
Q

Biome

A

the interaction of climate, geography, and plant/animal life

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18
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

the maximum poplation of a species that can be supported by its environment

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19
Q

List three ways that introduced species can impact humans and the environment:

A

can change an entire ecosystem
can crowd out or replace native species that are beneficial
can damage human enterprise (agriculture, forestry, fisheries), costing billions of dollars
can threaten human health

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20
Q

List three reasons why the introduction of Nile Perch to Lake Victoria was helpful.

A

increased total catch of fish
increased number of fishermen
brought more money to the African contries surrounding the lake

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21
Q

List three reasons why the introduction of Nile Perch to Lake Victoria was harmful:

A

caused the extinction of as many as 200 cichlid species
caused an increase in algae- dead zones in lake
some fishermen could not catch the large fish with small nets

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22
Q

What information did you learn about blackworms from your observations?

A

how they move
how they respond to touch
where they live

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23
Q

What observations helped you conclude that the dark end of the blackworm is the head?

A

The worm moved in that direction- leading body part

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24
Q

Based on your observations, in what type of environment do you think blackworms live?

A

extremely moist environments
shallow water at the edge of ponds or lakes
under leaves, rotting logs, etc

25
Q

What are the six kingdoms of life?

A

Animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, and archae

26
Q

List the classification levels from the most general to the most specific.

A

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

27
Q

List the three rules for scientific naming

A

first word is the genus, second is the species
genus is capitalized; species is lower case
both words are underlined or italicized

28
Q

What are the advantages of using scientific names over common names?

A

common names can be misleading (catfish, ladybug, jellyfish, etc)
common names can be vague
universal language

29
Q

A human and squirrel share the same class; a squirrel and mouse share the same order. Which two share the most similarities?

A

squirrel and mouse

30
Q

When classifying the strange organisms (kiwi, platypus, etc) why did some appear to fit into two or more classes?

A

Not every species within a class have every defining characteristic of that class

31
Q

What factors might affect the size of a population of organisms?

A

food supply; predators; competing species; space; pollution

32
Q

From your graph you know that data on zebra mussel population was not collected every year. What might prevent the collection of data every year?

A

expense
time
conditions of the lake

33
Q

Why do organisms need food?

A

Provides energy for daily activities; provides nutrients for growth

34
Q

How do animals use energy?

A

running, swimming, flying, etc.

Maintaining body temperature, digesting food, heart muscles contractions, etc.

35
Q

What did you learn about the diet of owls from investigating an owl pellet (list three)?

A

animals that owls eat (small rodents, like voles)
how much owls eat (based on the number of skulls/found)
approximate size of the animal the owl ate (based on leg bones, etc.)

36
Q

Why are producers such as plants, an essential part of any ecosystem?

A

producers form the base of the food web.

37
Q

How do you identify the producers, consumers and decomposers in a food web?

A

producers make their own food; consumers eat other organisms for food; decomposers consume dead/decaying material

38
Q

List three impacts that zebra mussels can have in an ecosystem.

A

the populations of some types of phytoplankton have decreased by 80%
Decrease zooplankton population and fish that rely on them
Make the water clearer by consuming plankton… sunlight can reach deeper parts of the lake/pond

39
Q

Why are organisms like nematodes important in soil ecosystems?

A

they are decomposers- consume dead/decaying material and recycle nutrients to the soil.

40
Q

List three examples of organisms that are decomposers.

A

worms, bacteria, insects, and fungi

41
Q

What would happen if something killed most of the bacteria and other decomposers in a lake ecosystem?

A

Dead animal/plant material and waste would build up.

42
Q

List the inputs and outputs in photosynthesis.

A

inputs- water, sunlight, carbon dioxide

outputs- oxygen and sugar

43
Q

Why is sunlight necessary for photosynthesis?

A

provides energy

44
Q

What does BTB indicate?

A

presence of carbon dioxide

45
Q

What was the initial color in the vial with BTB?

A

yellow

46
Q

What was the initial color in the vial with BTB and elodea?

A

yellow

47
Q

What would you expect to be the final color in the vial with BTB? Why?

A

yellow, the level of carbon dioxide isn’t changing

48
Q

What would you expect to be the final color in the vial with BTB and elodea? Why?

A

blue; the level of carbon dioxide should decrease because the elodea uses it for photosynthesis

49
Q

What was the purpose of the vial with BTB alone?

A

to be a control

50
Q

Explain how water gets from the soil to a plant’s leaves

A

absorbed by the roots and transported through xylem

51
Q

How does water vapor, carbon dioxide, and oxygen enter and exit a plant?

A

stomates (pores in the leaf)

52
Q

List three structures that are unique to plant cells and explain how they are important in photosynthesis

A

cell wall- supports and stiffens the cell
vacuole-stores water
chloroplasts- absorb sunlight; house reactions of photosynthesis

53
Q

What is the difference between a population and a community?

A

population- a group of individuals of one species living in an area
community- populations of diverse organisms living in an area

54
Q

Why is it important that many different populations live in an area?

A

if a change occurs in a community with many populations, the chance that some of those populations will survive is good.

55
Q

Pollution threatens our freshwater biomes. LIst three ways this can impact humans.

A

less drinking water
can kill organisms that we many eat
producers may be killed, resulting in less oxygen

56
Q

Identify two living factors that can affect carrying capacity.

A

prey (food supply)
predators
competing species

57
Q

Identify two non-living factors that can affect carrying capacity

A

space
oxygen
sunlight
water

58
Q

ONly a small fraction of species that are introduced are successful enough to create problems in their new environment. What features of a species do you think make it likely to be successful in a new environment (list three)?

A

reproduce quickly
eat a variety of food
lack of natural predators

59
Q

How do you think the number of introduced species in the US will change over the next 50 years?

A

opinion… just support it.

K 7th Grade (28 decks)

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