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K 7th Grade > 7-Science-Genetics-StudyGuide2 > Flashcards

7-Science-Genetics-StudyGuide2 Flashcards

1
Q

chromosomes

A

a single tightly wound DNA strand

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2
Q

DNA

A

Contains all of the info that an organism needs to grow and function

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3
Q

Genes

A

Sections or segments of DNA

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4
Q

Mutation

A

A change in DNA

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5
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

One gene is not completely dominant of another (red gene+white gene= pink snapdragon)

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6
Q

Co-dominance

A

Two genes share dominance

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7
Q

Carrier

A

A person heterozygous for a recessive genetic condition

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8
Q

If two homozygous plants are bred (one green and one albino) what is the ratio of dominant/green to recessive/albino? (Punnet Square)

A

4:0

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9
Q

What is the ratio of dominant:recessive traits when two heterozygous plants (see prior question) are bred? (Punnet Square)

A

3:1

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10
Q

For the ration of 3:1 green to albino plants, what fraction was green?

A

3/4

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11
Q

Why do unicellular organisms divide?

A

To reproduce

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12
Q

Why do multicellular organisms divide?

A

To grow and replace old/dead cells

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13
Q

Where is the genetic info in a cell?

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

When do chromosomes appear in a cell?

A

During cell division

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15
Q

What happens to the chromosome number in a cell before it divides? Why?

A

It copies the DNA so that the chromosome number is maintained in the new cells?

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16
Q

How many chromosomes are in each human body cell?

A

46

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17
Q

Describe the shape of DNA.

A

Like a twisted ladder, a double helix

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18
Q

What is the backbone (side of the ladder) of DNA?

A

Sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules

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19
Q

What are the “ladder rungs” of DNA made of?

A

Nitrogen bases

20
Q

What does tymine pair with?

A

Adenine

21
Q

What does guannine pair with?

A

Cytosine

22
Q

Why do DNA bases pair a certain way?

A

The bases fit like puzzle pieces, only chemically bond one way

23
Q

What are sex cells?

A

Sperm and Egg

24
Q

Why do sex cells have half the normal amount of chromosomes?

A

They combine to form 46 chromosomes in a zygote

25
Q

What sex chromosomes do females have? Males?

A

F: XX M: XY

26
Q

What is a karyotype and why is it used?

A

Photograph of a person’s chromosomes that are cut out, paired and arranged by size; used to examine chromosomes (genes, number, ext.)

27
Q

If a mutation occurs in a sperm or egg cell, what could happen?

A

If it was involved in fertilization, the child will inherit that mutation

28
Q

Favorable mutations depend on the…

A

environment

29
Q

List example of following mutations: Helpful; Harmful; Neutral.

A

Helpful: antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Harmful: cancer/genetic condition
Neutral: Blue Eyes?

30
Q

In nature vs. nurture, what environmental factor were we testing?

A

Sunlight

31
Q

List 4 environmental constants:

A

Temperature, amount of water, germinating paper, space for growth.

32
Q

What is the expected ratio of green to albino under normal conditions?

A

3:1

33
Q

Can heredity alone ensure a healthy organism?

A

No. Organisms, like plants, also rely on environmental factors (like water) for proper growth.

34
Q

Can the environment alone ensure a healthy organism?

A

No. Some organisms carry mutations that affect normal growth and development.

35
Q

List 4 environmental factors that could influence human development and health:

A

Nutrition, exercise, medical care, exposure to pathogens, sleep, ect.

36
Q

Which critter characteristic showed incomplete dominance (real life example too)?

A

Nose length, snapdragons (red+white=pink)

37
Q

Which critter characteristic showed incomplete dominance (real life ex. too)?

A

spikes, AB blood

38
Q

Which critter characteristic was influenced by the environment

A

Tail style, weight, height, intelligence

39
Q

Which parent’s contribution determines the child’s sex?

A

male

40
Q

…conditions have carriers.

A

recessive

41
Q

A carrier’s genotype is always…

A

heterozygous

42
Q

Why will children of a carrier and a person without alleles for a condition never have the condition

A

Punnet Square, carrier conditions are always recessive, and all of the kids will get a dominant “normal” allele

43
Q

Mom: A Dad: A, what are the kid’s possible blood types?

A

A or O

44
Q

Mom: AB Dad: O, what are the kid’s possible blood types?

A

A or B

45
Q

Mom: AB Dad: AB, what are the kid’s possible blood types?

A

A, B, or AB

K 7th Grade (28 decks)

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