7-Science-Genetics Quiz-StudyGuide1

Question 1

Trait

Answer 1

characteristic of an organism

Question 2

Inherited trait

Answer 2

trait that is passed down from parents to offspring

Question 3

acquired trait

Answer 3

a trait that is obtained or acquired during someone’s lifetime

Question 4

asexual reproduction

Answer 4

one parent, creates clones (except mutations)

Question 5

sexual reproduction

Answer 5

two parents, sperm and egg, genetic diversity

Question 6

mutation

Answer 6

random change in DNA

Question 7

fertilization

Answer 7

union of sperm and egg during sexual reproduction

Question 8

breeding

Answer 8

deliberate breeding of two organisms

Question 9

allele

Answer 9

a version of a gene, two passed down per trait

Question 10

dominant

Answer 10

gene that will be expressed if present

Question 11

recessive

Answer 11

gene that will be masked if paired with a dominant gene

Question 12

homozygous

Answer 12

genotype with two of the same alleles

Question 13

heterozygous

Answer 13

genotype with two different alleles

Question 14

genotype

Answer 14

combination of two alleles

Question 15

phenotype

Answer 15

physical trait that is expressed

Question 16

Traits can be influenced by genes and the…

Answer 16

environment

Question 17

two examples of traits:

Answer 17

at least two: hair or skin or eye color, muscles or a tan or a scar

Question 18

With a larger sample size, variations…

Answer 18

increase with the amount of unique organisms

Question 19

Three advantages of studying plants or other simple organisms for heredity instead of humans are…

Answer 19

at least three: short generation time; produce many offspring; easy to obtain and maintain; many observable traits; more ethical

Question 20

Marfan syndrome affects the body’s…

Answer 20

connective tissue

Question 21

Some signs of Marfan syndrome are…

Answer 21

a long face, near sight, tall, curved spine or chest bone, thin, disproportionately long limbs, loose or double joints

Question 22

Marfan syndrome can/cannot be fought from another person because…

Answer 22

the syndrome is genetic, not infectious, and therefore can’t be spread to another person, except to offspring

Question 23

Marfan syndrome is caused by…

Answer 23

a single gene change in chromosome 15

Question 24

Advantages of asexual reproduction are…

Answer 24

that it is quicker and more efficient than sexual reproduction
that it doesn’t require a mate

Question 25

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction are…

Answer 25

a lack of genetic variation

Question 26

Advantages of sexual reproduction are…

Answer 26

that it provides genetic variation (offspring is never identical to parent).

Question 27

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction are…

Answer 27

that it requires a mate

that it is slower and less efficient than asexual reproduction

Question 28

Examples of asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms are…

Answer 28

at least two: Hydras- budding; Geraniums- cuttings; strawberries- runners; starfish- regeneration

Question 29

What can cause offspring of asexual reproduction to have a trait different from the parent?

Answer 29

a mutation

Question 30

Identical are more similar than fraternal twins because…

Answer 30

Identical twins are from one zygote that split (identical DNA)
Fraternal twins are from two different zygotes (as similar as normal siblings)

Question 31

Breeding is preformed to…

Answer 31

produce desired traits
increase an endangered population (maintain a species)
study genetics

Question 32

The Rules of Inheritance are…

Answer 32

offspring receives equal DNA from both parents
offspring gets one gene per characteristic per parent
some genes are dominant and will be expressed

Question 33

How could a recessive trait appear in 25% of the offspring when both parents have the dominant trait?

Answer 33

in this case, the parents must have been heterozygous for the dominant trait, meaning that there would be a 25% change for a offspring to get a recessive allele from both parents.

Question 34

Blue tail color is dominant to orange tail color, which means…

Answer 34

Blue tail color will be expressed if the allele for it is present

Question 35

In the breeding model between two heterozygous parents, the offspring or results were not exactly 3:1 because…

Answer 35

our sample size was too small

Question 36

Mendel studied more than one characteristic in pea plants to…

Answer 36

make sure that his rules applied to all situations

Question 37

What are the traits for pea seed color?
A good set of letters for the alleles would be…
Because…

Answer 37

Green and Yellow
Y and y
Yellow is dominant

Question 38

Offspring cannot have a recessive trait if one parent is homozygous for a dominant trait because…

Answer 38

every offspring would get at least one dominant allele from that parent