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K 7th Grade > 7-Western Cultures-Rome-Study Guide-Vocab > Flashcards

7-Western Cultures-Rome-Study Guide-Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

mundus`

A

meeting point for worlds of the living and dead; marked by stone

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2
Q

Necropolis:

A

cemetery area; contains many tombs

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3
Q

catacomb

A

underground tombs carved in the rock

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4
Q

soothsayers

A

people who predict the future

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5
Q

omens

A

signs that predict the future

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6
Q

fasces

A

bundle of rods/stick bound around an axe symbolzing authority

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7
Q

triumph

A

procession honoring a hero; parade from battle

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8
Q

Forum

A

public square with palace, government buildings, and courts j

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9
Q

cuniculus

A

irrigation; trench cut underground with shafts dug downward

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10
Q

voussoirs

A

wedge-shaped stones used in Etruscan arches

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11
Q

pier

A

pillar-llike bases used in Etruscan arches

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12
Q

Romulus

A

mythical character who established Rome, killed Remus (brother)

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13
Q

Palatine Hill

A

hill where the first settlement of Rome was built

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14
Q

Capitoline Hill

A

center of Roman government

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15
Q

Latins

A

legendary founders of Rome (along with Trojans)

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16
Q

Etruscans

A

people from Etruria, Italy’s first civilized people

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17
Q

Describe an Etruscan city (architecture)

A

houses on hilltops surrounded by walls
bridges using arches
laid foundations for Rome’s first sewer system

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18
Q

Etruscan society (people) were:

A 
Culturally advanced
Relative equality and freedom for women
Women could own property
Monarchy
Very Religious
Farmers
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19
Q

What was the Etruscan funeral custom? What did it become?

A

Etruscan slaves fought to the death at funerals
fights between armed men or man vs. animals
winner was sacrificed
foundation for Rome’s gladiatorial games

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20
Q

Who was Lucius Tarquinius?

A

First Etruscan ruler of Rome, dynasty ruled for a century

Who was Tarquin Superbus ?

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21
Q

Who was Tarquin Superbus “The Proud”?

A

Last Etruscan ruler

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22
Q

List aspects of Roman culture that came from the Etruscans:

A

alphabet arch
language tunnels/dams/irrigation system
walled hilltop cities belief in omens
gladiatorial games

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23
Q

Consul

A

(2) headed the Roman Republic; military leaders

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24
Q

Senate

A

powerful governing body behind the consuls; proposed laws

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25
Q

Lictors

A

Senators’ bodyguards

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26
Q

Assemblies

A

protected rights of the plebeians; all Romans belonged

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27
Q

Tribune

A

protected plebeian rights

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28
Q

Patricians

A

member of Rome’s upper class; Fathers of the State; Wealthiest

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29
Q

Plebeians

A

members of Rome’s lower class; many; Conflict of the Orders

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30
Q

Twelve Tables

A

Foundation for all future Roman law; placed in Forum

31
Q

Legionaries

A

members of a legion- group of 4,200 to 5,000 soldiers:
able to leave main body of group
each soldier was independent
bult camp (castrum) before going to sleep

32
Q

Who fought in the Punic Wars?

A

Rome (Italy) v. Carthage (North Africa)

33
Q

What started the Punic wars

A

Carthage rose to power by taking over Phoenician colonies.
Mamertines took control of Messina on Sicily.
Mamertines turned to Carthage for help controlling Messina.
Then they appealed to Rome for help
This help by the Carthaginians broke a treaty with Rome
Rome declares war.

34
Q

Who won each war?

A

Rome won all of them

35
Q

Hannibal:

A

general of Carthage; uses elephants to cross the Alps; brilliant leader

36
Q

Scipio

A

general of Rome; defeats Hannibal at battle of Zama

37
Q

What were Carthage’s greatest mistakes?

A

Not reinforcing Hannibal when he was at the gates of Rome

Requesting that Hannibal return to Carthage to defend it

38
Q

What were the four causes that led to the decline of the Republic?

A

Farmers lost economic and political independence (latifundia replaced small farm)
Merchants and artisans became poorer as rich Romans bought goods elsewhere
The gap between the rich and poor widened
The government became unstable

39
Q

What ended the Republic?

A

After many reformers and generals tried to help the Republic’s social, economic, and political problems, Julius Caesar rose to power and was assassinated.

40
Q

Who were the first triumvirate?

A

Julius Caesar, Pompey, Crassus

41
Q

Julius Caesar was supported by who?

A

the people of Rome

42
Q

Why did the people support Julius Caesar?

A

his reforms

43
Q

Julius Caesar was murdered on the…

A

Ides of March, 44 BCE

44
Q

Who assassinated Caesar?

A

the Senate

45
Q

Who was in the second triumvirate?

A

Octavian, Lepidus, Mark Antony

46
Q

Who takes sole control from the second triumvirate?

A

Octavian

47
Q

Who gained control after Julius Caesar?

A

Octavian, after defeating the other members of the second triumvirate.

48
Q

How did he get control?

A

restored Republic; volunteered to resign

49
Q

Who was the first Roman Emperor?

A

Octavian/ took name Augustus, which means Revered One

50
Q

Augustus strengthened his authority in two ways by…

A

Having every soldier swear allegiance to him

Choosing talented people (not just upper class) to take care of Rome’s daily business

51
Q

Pax Romana

A

peace Augustus brought to the Roman empire (lasted 200 years)

52
Q

What were the three major causes for the decline of the empire?

A

No method for inheriting the throne
High taxes and inflation
Germanic peoples invade Roman frontiers

53
Q

What invention gave the Germans victory over the Romans?

A

the iron stirrup made the cavalry stronger than infantry

54
Q

What is the difference between a Republic and an Empire?

A

Republic- Democracy; representative; two consuls; people make final decision
Empire- Emperor makes final decision
Both- have Senate

55
Q

Give one reason for the decline of the Roman Empire.

A

Roman soldiers left the Rhine-Danube border to fight civil-wars in Italy.
Over time, Germanic tribes moved from Northern and central Europe to raid and conquer Roman lands such as Greece and Gaul.
As the Germanic tribes took over areas of land, trade routes closed up, trade and business began to disappear, and cities declined.
Eventually, in AD 476 Germanic general Odovacar over threw the last Roman empire.

56
Q

Why did Roman students stop at bars before attending school each day?

A

breakfast bars- they bought bread, beans, or nuts to eat en route to school.

57
Q

Did Romans have to go to school?

A

No, it wasn’t required by laws.

58
Q

stylus

A

pointy pen; used to write on clay boards

59
Q

scrolls

A

long papers with notes, students memorized it

60
Q

What did Roman parents place around their newborn’s neck?

A

a bulla, or good luck charm. It was bestowed on a child’s ninth day of life (if they lived that long).

61
Q

What do cooked mice, roasted parrots, and slated jellyfish have in common?

A

they were all Roman appetizers

62
Q

Why did Roman politicians and lawyers often eat walnuts?

A

considered “smart food” because they look like little human brains

63
Q

votives

A

left at temples to help cure people (could be candles)

64
Q

Why was Rome at such a great risk of fire?

A

poorly constructed wooden shacks were abundant; people cooked on portable grills that caught fire easily.

65
Q

insula

A

island/apartment bulding

66
Q

Via Appia/Appian Way

A

used paving stones that settled instead of cracking.

67
Q

Why would wealthy Roman men wear dirty old togas on purpose?

A

when they were traveling on dark streets at night, it made them lesser targets for mugging.

68
Q

lictors

A

body guards

69
Q

What was the white bull used in for a triumph

A

sacrafice

70
Q

Where was the best place to find a boyfriend/girlfriend in ancient Rome?

A

Circus Maximus; men and women could sit together there

71
Q

strigil

A

used to scrape off oil, sweat, and dirt

72
Q

caldarium

A

hottest room, cleansing sweat

73
Q

tepidarium

A

warm room with small bathing pool

74
Q

Review:

A

Summaries of Chapters in the book

Review the rest of study guide

K 7th Grade (28 decks)

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