7. Self Determination Theory & Mini Theories Flashcards
SDT Founders
Ryan & Deci
Self-Determination
- an Intrinsic need to experience freedom of choice in initiating behavior
- address why people behave the way they do
- how we socially regulate behavior
- cost/benefit analysis
(consists of several mini-theories)
SDT Mini Theories
- Cognitive Evaluation Theory**
- Organismic Integration Theory**
- Causality Orientations Theory
- Basic Psychological Needs Theory**
- Goal Contents Theory
- Relationships Motivation Theory
- Cognitive Evaluation Theory
- External rewards can influence intrinsic motivation
—- Depends on the reward
—- Depends on how the individual
perceives the reward
——- is it controlling?
——- does it provide information?
——- is that info negative or positive?
- Organismic Integration Theory
○ Controlled motivation ←→ Autonomous motivation
○ Regulation: external, introjected, identified, integrated, and intrinsic
○ → increasing self-determination
- Basic Pyschological Needs Theory
We seek out challenges to satisfy three basic psychological needs:
- Competence
- Autonomy
- Relatedness
Varying degrees, all on their own continuum
- Basic Psychological Needs Theory: Needs Descriptions
- Competence: need to feel that we’re good at what we do
- Autonomy: need to perceive our own behaviors as freely chosen
- Relatedness: need to feel a sense of belonging, connectedness
- Basic Psychological Needs Theory: Thwarting
- Thwarting (preventing needs being met)
■ Coaches, parents, etc.
■ Competence- imposing unrealistic expectations; highlighting mistakes
■ Autonomy- feeling prevented to make own choices
■ Relatedness- feel other’s envy, jealous; lack of cohesion
Intinsic Motivation
● Doing an activity for itself
● Pleasure and satisfaction from participation
● No contingencies on participation
Extrinsic Motivation
● Goals are not those inherent in the activity itself
● Behaviors/activities are a means to an end (reward)
Functions of Rewards - Deci
Reward → Controlling function → Contributes to perception that control has shifted from internal to external sources → Intrinsic motivation is decreased
Reward → Informational function → Develops or adds to perceptions of personal competence → intrinsic motivation is increased
Reward → Informational function → Provides information implying personal incompetence → Intrinsic motivation is decreased
(know graph)
Functions of Rewards: Scholarship Example
(know graph)
Passion
Passion- strong inclination toward a sport or exercise that a person loves, finds self-defining, and invests substantial time and energy (Vallerand, 2015)
- Harmonious passion
○ Autonomous, internal
- Obsessive passion
○ Controlled, internal
○ Compelled to participate
Self Determination Model
Functionally Significant Events –> Need Satisfaction –> Potential Outcomes
(know graph)
(know how to create examples!)
How can one foster self-determination in sport?
- Provide autonomy support: encourage athletes to initiate their own actions, give choices
- Clear and postive feedabck: contingent on actual behavior to improve competence (not telling them they did great when they didn’t)
- Show empathy, interest in athletes as people: foster connections between coach/athlete and teammates
- Think about how use of extrinsic rewards/punishments influence the intrinsic/extrinsic motivation of our athletes