10. Disability in Sport

Question 1

Disability

Answer 1

condition of the body and/or mind that makes it more difficult to do certain tasks
.
distinction between those with disabilities and those who are able-bodied
.
physical or mental impairment
* can persist
* or condition changes over time (severity)

Question 2

DIsability x Identity

Answer 2

• Individuals vary with how much they want to be associated with their disability
• Research has indicated that individuals do and do not
  o Depends on salience
• Shift with those who develop or have sudden event take place where identity changes from being able-bodied to one with a disability

Question 3

Disability x Identity:
Best Approach

Answer 3

• Research suggests to allow the individual to self-identify and support given the information they are willing to share

Question 4

Disability x Athletic Identity

Answer 4

• Limit to what they can/cannot participate in
• Varies in perception with one’s abilities*

Question 5

Disability x Athletic Identity:
Best Approach

Answer 5

• As opposed to the focus on what one can/cannot do, should focus how the individual can improve
  o Suggested within injury literature
  o Don’t compare with prior self and abilities
  o Seek improvement, focus on that

Question 6

Disability x Personality

Answer 6

• Vary in personality
• Use of mental skills training has been advised for those with variations in ability
• When it comes to exercise, stay motivated to move and engage

Question 7

Disability x Personality:
Research Examples

Answer 7

• Goldberg & Shepherd: reported higher levels of activeness  reported higher levels of being venturesome and emotionally stable (compared to less active)
• Martin & Colleagues: those who almost made Paralympics reported higher levels of tough mindedness

Question 8

Disability Research: Implications & Approaches

Answer 8

Maintain engagement and levels of motivation
o How:
- Social bonding/relatedness
- Words of affirmation
- Goal setting

Suggest building grit and resilience
o Individuals with disability/onset of limitations report frustration with new situation  build grit & resilience
o How:
- Case by case basis, but think about what you can adapt given a particular limitation

Those with disabilities May engage in more “thrill seeking” or risk-taking activities
o How:
- Find safer alternatives, such as jumping into a ball pit

Question 9

Disability Challenges: Researcher

Answer 9

• Legg et al.

Question 10

Disability Challenges: Adjustments Needed

Answer 10

• 1. Addressing diversity, equity, inclusion, accessibility
• 2. Marketing efforts to include individuals with disability
• 3. Media portrayals of athletes with disabiliites
• 4. Recognizing unintended actions
• 5. A call to action

Question 11

Disability
Wounded Warriors

Answer 11

• Provides programs for vets incurred injuries (phys &/or mental) during service
• Research: increase WW phys activity engagement
  o Participate in activities and events
  o Involvement in local rec activities
  o Involvement in paralympics

Question 12

Disability
Self-Report on Personal Perceptions

Answer 12

Research:

Carless et al: assessing sense of purpose and ability to re-engage and find purpose
Findings:
- Key factor was social support and relatability
- Emphasis on coping
—-Why might these factors be important?

Rodriguez & Colleagues: Assessed individual perceptions in connection to body image and ability
Findings:
- More positively regarded - better phys perception and not a factor preventing phys activity, but rather what the body can do with what it has
- Lower engagement with physical activity correlated wto lower physical perception

Question 13

Disability
Sports Participation Framework: Founding Researcher

Answer 13

• Clutterbuck et al

Question 14

Disability
Sports Participation Framework: Overview

Answer 14

S - Screening, goal setting, and individual preparation
P - Practitioner led, peer-greoup sports interventions
O - Organized junior entry point sports progress
R - recreational sport (non-competitive)
T - team competition
S - state, national, and international competitions

not easy:
* [S] Screening – have to establish paperwork to understand their foundational abilities and how to go about participating (goals, resources, etc)
* [T] Team Competition – challenges in finding sufficient number of individuals interested/able to afford that are in the area to comprise the team and travel to comps

Question 15

Disability
How Might Ability Be Seen Socially

Answer 15

• Not inclusive – ADA mandated to be incorporated, typically bare minimum

Question 16

Disability
Olympics & Paralympics Example

Answer 16

• Paralympics take place to represent the parallel nature of games to exist side by side
• Debate: representation should be the same
• Case Study: Oscar Pistorious – permission to compete in both. Argued advantage of carbon fiber prostheses.

Question 17

Disability
Future Directions

Answer 17

• More research needed
• Little to suggest and inform how to best support individuals with disabilities
• Resources not widely available