3. Confidence & Self Efficacy Flashcards
Self-Confidence: Term Founding Researcher
Bandura
Self-Confidence: Bandura
defined as people’s judgments of their capability to perform specific tasks are a product of a complex process of self-persuasion that relies on cognitive processing of diverse sources of confidence information
- past successes
- preparation
- encouragment from others
Self Confidence: In Sport
- belief in one’s ability to be successful in sport
- very important influence of performance
trait: general perceptions about ability in sport
state: in a given moment
as competitive orientation:
- winning
- performing well
Sources of Sport Confidence (Vealey et al)
- physical/mental preparation
- social support
- demonstration of ability
- physical self-presentation
- environmental comfort
- vicarious experience
- situational favorableness
Self-Efficacy: Construct Definition
- belief in one’s ability to successfully perform a task or achieve a goal
Self-Efficacy vs Outcome Expectancy
- different than outcome expectancy
— not whether you believe a certain outcome will happen (i.e. winning, improved health outcomes, etc), but rather belief in your own ability
ex) running a marathon
– confidence in ability to run a certain time: self efficacy
– believing if I run a certain time I will win: outcome expectancy
Sources of Self Efficacy
- performance accomplishments / past performances
- vicarious experiences (influence but not driving factor)
3a. persuasion social - seeing those around you do it and believing you can too
3b. persuasion verbal - actual verbal encouragement - imaginal experience
- physiological (and effective ie emotional) states
Sources of Self Efficacy Tenets:
Mastery Experiences (Past Performances)
Success in previous, similar tasks strengthens self-efficacy, it helps build confidence in one’s ability to replicate that success. Repeated failures=lower self-efficacy
Sources of Self Efficacy Examples:
Mastery Experiences (Past Performances)
A basketball player who has successfully made free throws in practice and past games will feel more confident when taking a free throw in a high-stakes game
Sources of Self Efficacy Tenets:
Vicarious Experiences (modeling)
Observing others successfully complete a task, especially someone similar to oneself, can enhance self-efficacy. If someone else can do it, it suggests the task is achievable
Sources of Self Efficacy Examples:
Vicarious Experiences (modeling)
A new player on the basketball team watches his teammate execute a flawless layup while under pressure in a big game. Seeing someone similar to him succeed in that situation helps him believe he, too, can perform a layup under game pressure.
Sources of Self Efficacy
Tenets:
Verbal Persuasion
Encouragement or positive feedback from coaches, teammates, or others can boost self-efficacy. doubt/criticism=lower
Sources of Self Efficacy Examples:
Social Persuasion
compliment from a senior on the team
Sources of Self Efficacy
Tenets:
Social Persuasion
Judgements from third party can boost self-efficacy. doubt/criticism=lower
Sources of Self Efficacy Examples:
Verbal Persuasion
During a timeout, the coach tells a player, “you’ve got this, keep playing your game and trust your shot!” This specific encouragement from the coach boosts the players confidence to stay focused and take shots they know they can make, especially during the high-pressure moments.
Sources of Self Efficacy
Tenets:
Imaginal Experiences
Visualization
Sources of Self Efficacy Experiences:
Imaginal Experiences
Visualization
Sources of Self Efficacy
Tenets:
Physiological and Emotional States
Self-efficacy is influenced by how people interpret their physical and emotional states.
Ex view nerves as excitement = increase,
View them as fatigue/stress = decrease
Sources of Self Efficacy Examples:
Physiological & Emotional States
Just before a major free throw, the player feels his heart racing. Instead of interpreting this as anxiety, he chooses to reframe it as excitement, which strengthens his confidence and allows him to focus on making the shot rather than worrying about missing
Self Efficacy Outcomes
- Behavior: Choice, Effort, Persistence
- Performance
Reciprocal Nature of Self Efficacy
- influences motivation (choice, effort, persistence)
»_space; these influence self-efficacy
»> which in turn influences behavior and performance
»» and performance then becomes a source of self efficacy
Self Efficacy Back Dive Study
- self efficacy main predictor of first attempt
» performance then the main predictor of final three attempts (approach or avoidance)
…
performance becomes a stronger predictor of self-efficacy, than self-efficacy is on subsequent performance
Collective Efficacy: construct definition
- group’s shared belief that they can perform actions to achieve desired outcomes
- i.e. Team morale and how that affects course of action. Also inclusive of coach when it says not your beliefs, but the teams overall belief
Collective Efficacy: Sources
[past performances]
[vicarious experiences]
[verbal/social persuasion]
[physiological states]
1. team leadership: team captain or driving player
2. group cohesion: can see themselves as close knit
3. motivational climate: overall morale, everyone on the same page
4. team size
