7 Psychological Disorders

Question 1

biomedical approach

Answer 1

any disorder gas roots in biomedical disturbances

thus, any solution = biomedical

Question 2

biophysical approach

Answer 2

1) biological (body)
2) psychological (brain)
3) social (environment)
components to disorder

Question 3

schizophrenia

Answer 3

prototypical psychological disorder

DSM-5: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior, catatonia, negative symptoms

prodomal phase: poor adjustment, clear evidence of deterioration, before diagnosis
- slow = worse prognosis

Question 4

positive symptoms

Answer 4

behaviors, thoughts, feelings added to the normal

Question 5

negative symptoms

Answer 5

absence of normal/desired behavior

Question 6

major depressive disorder (MDD)

Answer 6

mood disorder characterized by at least one major depressive episode

at least 2 weeks with 5 symptoms

symptoms = SIG E. CAPS

Question 7

persistent depressive disorder

Answer 7

dysthymia;

depressed mood not severe enough for MDD, but for at least 2 years

Question 8

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Answer 8

MDD with seasonal onset (often wintertime)

Question 9

bipolar disorder

Answer 9

major mood disorder characterized by both depression and mania

Question 10

Bipolar I

Answer 10

main episodes with or without major depressive episodes

Question 11

Bipolar II

Answer 11

hypomania with at least one major depressive episode

Question 12

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 12

combo hypomanic episodes and periods of dysthymia (not severe enough MDD)

Question 13

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 13

disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things

Question 14

specific phobia

Answer 14

anxiety produced by specific object/situation

Question 15

social anxiety disorder

Answer 15

anxiety due to a social situation

Question 16

agoraphobia

Answer 16

being in places/situations difficult to escape from

Question 17

panic disorder

Answer 17

characterized by panic attacks (repeated)

Question 18

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 18

obsessions produce tensions
compulsions that relive tensions
cause significant impairments in person’s life

Question 19

body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 19

unrealistic negative evaluation of his/her personal appearance or attractiveness

Question 20

post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer 20

experiencing/witnessing a traumatic event

intrusion: reliving
avoidance: deliberate attempts to avoid thoughts of it
negative cognitive symptoms: inability to recall, negative emotions, distance from others
arousal symptoms: increased startle response, irritability, anxiety, self-destructive/reckless behavior, sleep disturbance

Question 21

dissociative disorders

Answer 21

person avoids stress by escaping from his identity

otherwise still has intact sense of reality

Question 22

dissociative amnesia

Answer 22

inability to recall past experiences

dissociative fugue

Question 23

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 23

2+ personalities recurrently take control of person’s behavior

Question 24

depersonalization/derealization disorder

Answer 24

detachment from own mind/body/surroundings

Question 25

somatic symptom disorder

Answer 25

have at least 1 somatic condition
maybe linked to underlying medical condition\
- disproportionate concern about seriousness
- devotion of excessive time and energy
- elevated levels of anxiety

Question 26

illness of anxiety disorder

Answer 26

consumed with thoughts about having/developing serious medical conditions

Question 27

conversion disorder

Answer 27

unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor/sensory functions

Question 28

personality disorder

Answer 28

inflexible, maladaptive, causes distress/impaired functioning

Question 29

ego-syntonic personality disorder

Answer 29

individual perceives his/her behavior as normal

Question 30

ego-dystonic personality disorder

Answer 30

individual sees illness as something thrust upon them/intrusive/bothersome

Question 31

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 31

type of dementia
gradual memory loss, disorientation to time and place, problems with abstract thought, tendency to misplace things

B amyloid precursor on chromosome 21
diffuse atrophy of brain on CT or MRI
reduced levels of acetylcholine
neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein

Question 32

Parkinsons’s disease

Answer 32

bradykinesia, resting tremor, pill-rolling tremor, masklike facies, cogwheel rigidity, shuffling gait with stooped posture

decreased dopamine production