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MCAT Behavioral Sciences Review > 1 Biology and Behavior > Flashcards

1 Biology and Behavior Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

sensory neurons

A

receptors –> spinal cord and brain

“afferent”
PNS

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2
Q

interneurons

A

reflexive behavior

CNS

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3
Q

motor neurons

A

brain and spinal cord –> muscles

“efferent”
PNS

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4
Q

reflexive arc

A

sensory neurons –> motor neurons

affected –> cause effet

“A before E”

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5
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

activated by stress; “fight or flight”

  • secretion of adrenaline
  • pupil dilation
  • relaxes bronchi
  • accelerated heart rate
  • inhibits peristalsis
  • stimulates glucose production
  • inhibits bladder activity
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6
Q

parasympathetic division

A

conserve energy; “rest and digest”

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7
Q

forebrain

A

perceptual, cognitive, behavioral processes

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8
Q

midbrain

A

sensorimotor reflexes

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9
Q

hindbrain

A

balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion

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10
Q

pons

A

hindbrain;

relays information, regulates sleep

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11
Q

medulla oblongata

A

hindbrain;

breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure

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12
Q

cerebellum

A

hindbrain;

coordination

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13
Q

superior colliculus

A

midbrain;

visual sensory input

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14
Q

inferior colliculus

A

midbrain;

auditory sensory input

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15
Q

thalamus

A

forebrain; diencephalon

relay station
sorts
“way station”

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16
Q

hypothalamus

A

forebrain; diencephalon

homeostasis
emotional experience
endocrine function

“feeding, fighting, flighting, function (sex)”

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17
Q

posterior pituitary

A

forebrain; diencephalon

release ADH/oxytocin

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18
Q

pineal gland

A

forebrain; diencephalon

circadian rhythms
melatonin secretion

19
Q

basal ganglia

A

forebrain; telencephalon

relay to CNS
coordinate muscle movement
smooth muscle function
posture

20
Q

limbic system

A

forebrain; telencephalon

emotions/memory

hippocampus: learning/memory
amygdala: reactions (emotion)

21
Q

cerebral cortex

A

forebrain; telencephalon

2 hemispheres; 4 lobes

22
Q

cerebral cortex: frontal lobe

A

executive function

23
Q

cerebral cortex: parietal lobe

A

spatial orientation

24
Q

cerebral cortex: occipital lobe

A

visual cortex

25
Q

cerebral cortex: temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex
emotional control
language

26
Q

cerebral cortex: motor cortex

A

voluntary muscle movement

27
Q

cerebral cortex: somatosensory cortex

A

process

28
Q

cerebral cortex: corpus callosum

A

connects left and right hemispheres

29
Q

most people are ______(right-/left-) brain dominant

A

left: analytical

30
Q

right-brain dominant

A

artistic/intuitive

31
Q

ipsilateral _________ control

A

hearing

32
Q

contralateral ________ control

A

movement

33
Q

CNS NT: dopamine

A

reward circuit

34
Q

CNS NT: serotonin

A

mood/sleep/appetite/dreams

35
Q

CNS NT: GABA

A

inhibitory stabilizer

36
Q

CNS NT: endorphins

A

kill pain, slower long effects

37
Q

PNS NT: epinephrine

A

“fight or flight” adrenaline

38
Q

ONS NT: norepinephrine

A

level of wakefulness/alertness

39
Q

CNS and PNS NT: acetylcholine

A

CNS: attention/arousal
PNS: voluntary movement

40
Q

hypothalamus role in endocrine system

A

controls release of anterior pituitary hormones

synthesizes posterior pituitary hormones

41
Q

hypophyseal portal system (endocrine system hormones)

A

posterior: ADH, oxytocin
anterior: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, endorphins, GSH

42
Q

adrenal medulla (endocrine system hormones)

A

epinephrine/norepinephrine

above kidneys

43
Q

adrenal cortex

A

cortisol/sex hormones

above kidneys

44
Q

gonads

A

estrogen/testosterone

ovaries/testes

MCAT Behavioral Sciences Review (10 decks)

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