6 Identity and Personality Flashcards
self-evaluation/self-concept
actual
ideal
ought
the closer these 3 are, the higher self-esteem in an individual
influenced by self-efficacy and locus of control
Freud: psychosexual development
fixation in any one stage = neuroses
stages: pre-puberty --> - oral - anal - phallic/oedipal/electra - latency
puberty –>
- genital
Erikson: psychosocial development
trust v. mistrust autonomy v. shame and doubt initiative v. guilt industry v. inferiority intimacy v. isolation generativity v. stagnation integrity v. despair
Kohlberg: moral reasoning
preconventional: preadolescence consequences
1. obedience
2. self-interest
conventional: early adolescence to adulthood
3. conformity
4. law and order
post-conventional: social “mores”
- social contract
- universal human ethics
Vygotsky: cultural and biosocial development
zone of proximal development: needs help of more knowledgable “other”
Bandura
observational learning (imitation)
Freud: psychoanalytic perspective
id: primal urges
ego: “reality principle” guide for id (secondary)
superego: “perfectionist”
conscious, preconscious, unconscious
defense mechanisms:
repression, suppression, regression, projections, rationalization, displacement, sublimation
Jung: psychoanalytic perspective
personal unconscious
collective unconscious
–> self
persona: public “mask”
anima/animus: sex-inappropriate qualities
- anima –> feminine part of man
- animus –> masculine part of woman
shadow: unpleasant/socially reprehensible thoughts
Adler: inferiority complex
striving for superiority
psychoanalysts
“sick” individuals, troubling urges
humanists
person/individual-centered
personality: conscious feelings we have as we attempt to attain needs and goals
Rogers: unconditional positive regard
type v. trait theorists
Type: A and B
Trait: psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism
Skinner: behaviorist
operant conditioning
Bandura: social cognitive
reciprocal determinism
feedback loop
environment AND self
biological perspective
genetic expression
