10 Social Thinking

Question 1

amygdala and aggression

Answer 1

associates stimuli to corresponding rewards/punishments

threat or no threat

Question 2

prefrontal cortex and aggression

Answer 2

can put brakes on amygdala

limbic system –> stress/emotion control

Question 3

hormonal control and aggression

Answer 3

high levels of testosterone

Question 4

cognitive neoassociation model

Answer 4

more likely to respond negatively when feeling negative emotions

Question 5

secure attachment

Answer 5

child has consistent caregiver

able to go out to explore, knowing he is able to return to them

Question 6

avoidant attachment

Answer 6

caregiver has little or no response to a distressed child

children show no preference between caregiver/stranger

Question 7

ambivalent attachment

Answer 7

caregiver has inconsistent response to child’s distress
child unable to form secure base
anxious-ambivalent attachment

Question 8

disorganized attachment

Answer 8

child shows no clear patter of behavior in response to caregiver’s absence/presence
often characterized by erratic/social withdrawal by caregiver

Question 9

emotional support

Answer 9

listening, affirming, empathizing

Question 10

esteem support

Answer 10

affirming qualities/skills

Question 11

material support

Answer 11

financial/material contributions

Question 12

informational support

Answer 12

providing info that will help someone

Question 13

network support

Answer 13

gives person sense of belonging

Question 14

evolutionary fitness: foraging

Answer 14

hunger regulated by hypothalamus
genetics onset behavior
cognitive skills - group/solitary

Question 15

evolutionary fitness: mating system

Answer 15

organization of group's sexual behavior
monogamy/polygamy
promiscuity
mate choice/intersexual selection
mate bias: direct v. indirect benefits

Question 16

evolutionary fitness: altruism

Answer 16

helping behavior intended to benefit someone else at own cost

empathy
empathy-altruism hypothesis

Question 17

evolutionary fitness: game theory

Answer 17

attempt to explain decision-making behavior

game payoffs = fitness

Question 18

Evolutionary Stable Strategy

Answer 18

1. altruism
2. cooperation
3. spite
4. selfishness

Question 19

inclusive fitness

Answer 19

measure of organism’s success in population

Question 20

social perception/social cognition

Answer 20

tools to make judgements and impressions regarding other people

Question 21

perceiver

Answer 21

influence by experience, motives, emotional state

Question 22

target

Answer 22

person about which the impression is made

Question 23

situation

Answer 23

social context

Question 24

primacy effect

Answer 24

1st impressions more important than subsequent impressions

Question 25

recency effect

Answer 25

most recent information is the most important

Question 26

reliance on central traits

Answer 26

organize perception based on traits and personal characteristics most relevant to perceiver

Question 27

implicit personality theory

Answer 27

categorization

stereotyping

Question 28

halo effect

Answer 28

cognitive bias

judgements about specific aspect of an individual can be affected by one’s overall impression of the individual

Question 29

just-world hypothesis

Answer 29

“good things happen to good people”

Question 30

self-serving bias

Answer 30

person will view success based on internal factors and failures on external factors

• locus of control
• self-enhancement

Question 31

attribution theory

Answer 31

tendency of individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behavior

Question 32

consistency cues

Answer 32

consistency of person

Question 33

consensus cues

Answer 33

extent to which person’s behaviors differ from others

Question 34

distinctiveness cues

Answer 34

extent to which person engages in similar behavior across series of scenarios

Question 35

correspondant inference theory

Answer 35

focuses on intentionality of other’s behavior

Question 36

fundamental attribution error

Answer 36

generally, we are biased to making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions

especially in negative contexts

Question 37

attribute substitution

Answer 37

when individual must make complex judgment but instead sub in a simpler solution or apply heuristic

Question 38

cultural attribution

Answer 38

culture that the individual is part of

Question 39

stereotypes

Answer 39

when attitudes/impressions are based on limited/superficial information about a person/group

Question 40

stereotype content model

Answer 40

stereotypes with respect to hypothetical in-group

2 dimensions: warmth and competence

Question 41

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 41

expecting, therefore creating conditions that lead to expectations

Question 42

stereotype threat

Answer 42

fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s social group
can cause reduced performance

Question 43

prejudice

Answer 43

irrational positive/negative attitude towards person/group/thing prior to actual experience with that entity

internal v. societal

Question 44

power

Answer 44

ability of people to reach goals despite any obstacles

Question 45

prestige

Answer 45

level of respect show to person by others

Question 46

class

Answer 46

socioeconomic status

Question 47

ethnocentrism

Answer 47

practice of making judgements about other cultures based on values/beliefs of one’s own culture

Question 48

in-group

Answer 48

social group with which person experiences sense of belonging

Question 49

out-group

Answer 49

social group with which individual does not identify

Question 50

cultural relativism

Answer 50

perception of another culture as different from one’s own, with recognition of cultural values, mores, and rules of a culture fit into the culture itself

attempt at avoiding ethnocentrism

Question 51

discrimination

Answer 51

prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of particular group to be treated differently than others

individual v. institutional