7. Control of serum glucose levels

Question 1

Organs involved in fuel metabolism

Answer 1

Liver Brain Adipose Muscle

Question 2

Release of insulin increased by

Answer 2

Glucose via the GLUT2 Amino acids GI hormones

Question 3

Effects of Insulin on Carbohydrate Metabolism

Answer 3

storage of glucose as glycogen

Increases uptake via GLUT 4

Question 4

Effects of Insulin on Lipid metabolism

Answer 4

Reduces release of fatty acids

Decreases breakdown of fats

Increases production of fats

Question 5

Glucagon release increased by

Answer 5

low blood glucose

Amino acids

Epinephrine

Question 6

Glucagon release inhibited by

Answer 6

High blood glucose

Insulin

Question 7

Action of Glucagon on liver

Answer 7

glucogen to glucose

Activates lipolysis

Question 8

Hypoglycaemia is characterised by:

Answer 8

Confusion/coma

Blood glucose levels LESS THAN 2 mmol/l

Resolves quickly after administration of glucose

Question 9

3 main types of Hypoglycaemia

Answer 9

Insulin induced

Post-prandial

Fasting (including alcohol related)

Question 10

effects of alcohol on glucose homeostasis

Answer 10

Decreased gluconeogenesis = hypoglycaemia

Decreased β-oxidation = Steatosis of the liver

Hyperlactataemia = lactic acidosis

Question 11

effects of long-term drinking on diabetic patient (who fails to take insulin)

Answer 11

Can’t take up glucose

Lack of glycogen to replenish stores

decrease in gluconeogenesis

severe hypoglycaemia

Question 12

Release of insulin decreased by

Answer 12

epinephrine