19. Celiac Flashcards
How much Protein do humans need a day
40g/day of protein
Absorption within GI tract
Small peptides actively transported across the epithelial membrane, via the Na gradient
Amino acids absorbed slightly slower through both sodium dependent and independent means, and also simple diffusion.
Fat absorption is relatively slow, and therefore gastric emptying is reduced when fat is detected in the duodenum.
Membranous microfold (M) cells
Epithelial cells above lymphocyte
rich Peyer’s patches
Stem cells
Located in the lower third of the crypts, and give rise to enterocytes, goblet cells, and Enteroendocrine cells.
Describe the pathological changes that occur in Coeliac disease
alpha-gliadin found in gluten, is exposed to TTG, in the lamina propria
gliadin is modified by TTG and presented to CD4+ T cells
inflammatory reaction
damage in the duodenum and jejunum
Villous atrophy, Increased immature enterocytes, crypt hyperplasia, malabsorption
Haemoglobin
Low Anaemia –due to low Fe, B12 or folate.
Mean Cell Volume
Low Suggesting microcytic anaemia, due to iron deficiency.
Ferritin
Low Suggests iron deficiency, from reduced iron absorption.
Albumin
Low Marker of inflammation, and reduced protein absorption.
Anti-endomysial antibodies
Positive Suggests autoimmune reaction to gliadin.
Treatment of Coeliac disease
permanent gluten free diet
How much protein do humans synthesize a day?
300g/day
