14. Pharmacology of absorption, metabolism and excretion

Question 1

Administering Tetracycline

Answer 1

Leave a 2-hour gap between tetracyclines and magnesium hydroxide

Question 2

Effect of magnesium hydroxide on tetracycline?

Answer 2

Magnesium hydroxide increases pH

The metal ions form chelates with tetracyclines which are not absorbed at high pH

Levels of tetracyclines greatly reduced

Question 3

Administering Risedronate

Answer 3

Leave a gap of at least 2 hours between giving calcium and risedronate

must also be given on an empty stomach

Question 4

Fluconazole

Answer 4

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 5

Itraconazole

Answer 5

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 6

Domperidone effect on gut motility

Answer 6

Increases

Question 7

Alcohol

Answer 7

Enzyme inducer

Question 8

Why is Diazepam given by rectal route?

Answer 8

for status epilepticus

IV access = difficult

Oral = unavailable

Question 9

Rifampicin

Answer 9

Enzyme inducer

Question 10

Domperidone effect on gastric emptying

Answer 10

Increases

Question 11

Chloramphenicol

Answer 11

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 12

Why is Mesalazine given by rectal route?

Answer 12

severe ulcerative colitis

Local anti-inflammatory effect

less systemic side effects

Question 13

carbamazepine

Answer 13

enzyme inducer

Question 14

barbiturates

Answer 14

enzyme inducer

Question 15

Verapamil

Answer 15

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 16

Effect of calcium carbonate on risedronate?

Answer 16

Chelates calcium ions

Resultant chelate insoluble

Question 17

Domperidone effect on motility

Answer 17

Increases

Question 18

Morphine effect on motility

Answer 18

Decreases

Question 19

Domperidone effect on drug absorption

Answer 19

Increases

Question 20

Morphine effect on gut tone

Answer 20

Increases

Question 21

phenytoin

Answer 21

enyme inducer

Question 22

Cimetidine

Answer 22

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 23

Why is there a problem giving rifampicin with Microgynon 30?

Answer 23

Reduction in pill efficacy

Alternative method of contraception for up to 4 weeks after

Question 24

Ketoconazole

Answer 24

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 25

Increased splanchnic blood flow

Answer 25

Increased absorption of drugs

Question 26

Domperidone effect on duodenal peristalsis + contractions in the stomach

Answer 26

Increases

Question 27

Which phase metabolises Warfarin

Answer 27

Phase 1

Question 28

Decreased splanchnic blood flow

Answer 28

decreased absorption of drugs

Question 29

Which phase metabolises Paracetamol

Answer 29

Phase 2

Question 30

Isoniazid

Answer 30

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 31

Which phase metabolises Alcohol

Answer 31

Phase 1

Question 32

Erythromycin

Answer 32

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 33

Which phase metabolises Diazepam

Answer 33

Phase 1

Question 34

Morphine effect on drug absorption

Answer 34

Decreases

Question 35

Which phase metabolises Caffeine

Answer 35

Phase 1

Question 36

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 36

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 37

Which phase metabolises Isoniazid

Answer 37

Phase 2

Question 38

Why is Decussate given by rectal route?

Answer 38

for constipation

Local effect on colon

higher dose possible with less side effects

Question 39

Why is Metronidazolegiven by rectal route?

Answer 39

antibiotic

When oral and IV routes not available.

Question 40

Diltiazem

Answer 40

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 41

Morphine effect on gastric emptying

Answer 41

Decreases

Question 42

Domperidone effect on tone

Answer 42

Increases tone

of the lower oesophageal sphincter