7 - Cancer staging Flashcards
How do you decide what diagnostic test to perform
predicted biological behavior of a given canecer
what is the route of metastasis of carcinomas
lympatic route
what is the route of metastasis of sarcomas
hematogenous route
carcinoams travel to
lymph odes and lungs
sarcomas travel to
liver, lungs, lymph nodes
what tumros spread by direct implatnation
mesothelioma
what is the gold standard for identifying cancer
biopsy - hisstopathology
FNA
quick, noninvasice, minimal complciations
FNA may not provide
definitive diagnosis
What can be sampled with FNA
lung nodulees, IA organs, lymph nodes, skin, bone marrow, eggusion, bone
FNA tools provde less
cellular lysis, and less blood contamination
FNA techniques
syringe on and syringe off
check gobulins for
multiple myeloma and lymphoma
check glucose for what type of tumor
insulinoma
check calcium fro what type of tumor
lympoma and anal sac carcinoma
FNA tools
22 gauge and 6 cc
serum protein electrophoresis can test for
multiple myeloma
coagulation progile can test for
lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma
you can evaluate buffy coat evaluation for
felin mast cell tumor
met check
3 view thoracic radiographs
what are you looking for on radiographs
organ size, lymp node, ascites , bony metastasis
imaging abdominal ultrasound look for
masses with in organs
basic imaging
rad and ultrasound
advanced
CT and MRI
ancillary test
serum protein elecrophoresiss, coag, and buffy coat
CT is more senstive for
pulmonary metasiss
what is the perferred method of imaging for brain tumors
MRI
TNM staging is for
solid tumors
T0 is always
microscopic disease
oral tumor < 2 cm
T1
oral tumor 2 - 4 cm
T2
oral tumor > 4 cm
T3
mammary rumort < 3 cm
T1
mammary tumor 3 - 5 cm
T2
mammary tumor >5 cm
T3
N = 0
clean draining node
N = 1
metastatic disease is present in the draining node
M =
mets
N =
node
M = 0
non distant metastasis
M = 1
distant metasis present
when is it acceptable to do 2 views
intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion
