5 - Neoplasia

Question 1

protoconcogenes

Answer 1

genes that encode the normal growth promoting proteins

Question 2

oncogenes

Answer 2

mutated version of proto oncogenes that allow cells to gain self sufficiency from signaling

Question 3

stop signals are delievered and integrated by

Answer 3

the products of tumor supressor gener

Question 4

apoptosis

Answer 4

programmed cell death

Question 5

cells normally undergo apoptosis when

Answer 5

damaged or when nutrients are limited

Question 6

cells will engage in what to survive in nutrient limited environment

Answer 6

autophagy

Question 7

avoid cell death by

Answer 7

annoikis

Question 8

anoiksis

Answer 8

programed cell death process that occuts when a cell detaches from its ECM

Question 9

when normal cells reach the limit of their ability to replicate they undergo

Answer 9

senescence

Question 10

cells that aer consistently able to keep replication maintain their

Answer 10

telomeres

Question 11

telomeres

Answer 11

caps of repetitive DNA sequence that protect chromosome from destruction

Question 12

tumors utilize VEGF to promote

Answer 12

angiogenesis

Question 13

in normal cells, VEGF expression is upregulated by

Answer 13

hypoxia and inflammation

Question 14

aneuploidy

Answer 14

abnormal DNA copy number

Question 15

aneuploidy promotes

Answer 15

genomic instabilty and increased mutations

Question 16

Warburg effect

Answer 16

cancer cells preferintally use glycolytic rather than oxidative pathways to generate energy

Question 17

cancers cells are efficient what scavengerss

Answer 17

glucose

Question 18

immunosurveillance prevents

Answer 18

tumor formation

Question 19

tumor microenvironement enact and maintain

Answer 19

immunosuppresive barrier