1 - Intro Flashcards
6 basic hallmarks of cancer
Self sufficient growth, no response to anti growth signals, evasion of apoptosis , limitless replicate potential, sustained angiogenesis, ability to invade and metastasize
First four hallmarks of cancer
Self sufficient cell growth, no response to anti growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, limitless replication potiental
Last two hallmarks of cancer
Sustained angiogenesis, ability to invade and metastasize
Etiology of cancer
Mutations, genetic, environmental, infectious, dietary, hormonal , chronic inflammation
How many heritable cancers
Over 200
German shepherd heritable cancer
RCND - kidney and skin
RCND has a mutation in
Folliculin gene
RCND is what dominant
Autosomal
Bernie mountain dog predispose
Histiocytic cancer
Boxer predisposed to
Lymphoma and mast cell tumor
Golden retriever disposition
Lymphoma
German shepherd dispo
Hemangiosarcoma
Scottish terrier and sheepdog disposed to
Traditional cell carcinoma of the bladder
30% death in USA
Smoking inn humans
Dogs in smoking household what is the risk
3.4 increased risk for lymphoma or nasal carcinoma
Cats in smoke house hold risk
2.4 increase lymphoma or oral
Pesticides can cause
Lymphoma in human and dogs or transitional cell carcinoma of bladder in dogs
Dogs in urban environment
Lymphoma, tonsil lab squamous cell carcinoma,nasal carcinoma
Dogs near water sites
Lymphoma
Humans in sunlight
Cutaneous melanoma
Dogs in sunlight
Dermal hemangiosarcoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Cats in sunlight
Carcinoma of nasal planum, ear pinnae and eyelids
High exposure of EM field
Childhood leukemia, canine lymphoma
Being exposed to radiation
Hematologist cancer, sarcomas
Asbestos exposure
Mesothelioma
FeLV risk
70 fold increase risk for lymphoma
FeLV co infection risk with
FIV
Spirochete Lupi risk
Esophageal fibrosarcoma
Schistosomiasis risk
Bladder cancer
Papillomavirus
Cutaneous warts
Obesity in dogs linked to
Bladder cancer and mammary cancer
Obese human risk
Breast, pancreatic, colon cancer
When should u spay to prevent mammary cancer
Before 6 months of age
Intact dogs are at risk for
Testicular cancer
Neutered dogs are at increased risk of risk of
Prostatic cancer
Trauma/chronic inflammation in cat can lead to increase risk of
Feline ocular sarcoma, FIS, IBD
Treatment options for cancer
Surgery, radiation , chemo, targeted agents, immunotherapy, clinical trials
Definitive therapy
Therapy with intent to cure or provide prolonged
Palliative therapy
Go to when cancer is too advanced or incurable
Median Survival Time
50% of patients are alive at a certain period of time and 50% have died
Disease Free Interval
From emission to relapse?
Cure
Cancer free of 8 years?
