7- animal nuitrition Flashcards
balanced diet
A diet that contains all the nutrients in correct amounts & proportions to make energy.
Kwashiorkor disease
- lack of protein
- underweight kids that look fat due to too much carbohydrates
marasmus
- lack of protein and carbohydrates
- underweight and skinny
ingesion
taking of substances as food & drink into the body through mouth.
mechanical digestion
breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical changes to food.
chemical digestion
breakdown of large insoluble food into small soluble molecules to be absorbed.
absorbtion
movement of small molecules of food & ions through the intestinal wall into blood.
assimilation
movement of digested food molecules into the cells to be used.
egestion
passing out of undigested & unabsorbed food through anus.
diarrhea
loss of watery feces, when not enough water is absorbed from the feces.
treatment of diarrhea
Oral rehydration therapy by giving drink contains water, salts & sugar.
mouth
ingestion, mechanical digestion (teeth), chemical digestion (amyalse in saliva)
salivary glands
make saliva to dissolve & chew food. It contains
amylase to digest starch into maltose.
esophagus
Muscular tube, takes food down to the stomach by peristalsis.
It has piece of cartilage [epiglottis] to stop food from going to lungs.
digest & store food.
- digest & store food.
- contract & relax to mix food with enzymes to make [chyme].
- goblet cells that secrete mucus.
- produce protease enzymes [pepsin] to digest proteins in acidic conditions.
- HCl, to give optimum pH for the enzyme & to kill bacteria in the food by denaturing their enzymes.
parts of small intestines
duodenum and iluem
molecules digested in small intestines
- starch (amylase)
- protein (alkali protease- tripsin)
- fats (lipase)
pancreatic juice
contains enzymes, flows from pancreas to duodenum, neutralize acidic chime from stomach
bile juice
no enzymes, made in liver, neutralizes acidic chime for the enzymes, helps emulsification of fat
-yellow pigment from dead RBC
emulsification
mechanical digestion of fat by breaking up large fats into smaller ones to increase surface area
enzymes in the villi pf the inner walls of the small intestines
- Maltase to break down maltose to glucose.
- Protease to finish breaking down any proteins to amino acids.
- Lipase to finish lipids digestion.
how is the absorption through intestinal walls to blood happen
active transport, diffusion
adaptive features if small intestines
- long, give time to complete digestion & absorption.
- villi, provide large surface area for faster absorption.
- Villi blood capillaries, simple molecules pass into blood & liver.
- Villi contain lacteals, absorb fats.
- Villi are one cell thick, digested food can pass easily to blood capillaries.
large intestine
colon and rectum
absorbs water & salts from the undigested food before it
passes to the rectum & then out through anus.
teeth
They are used to bite off, chop, grind food into small pieces [mechanical digestion].
tooth structure
enamel, dentine, pulp cavity, cement
enamel
hard substance, but can dissolve by acids.
dentine
hard, but not as hard as enamel. It contains cytoplasm.
pulp cavity
contains nerves & blood vessels. They supply the
cytoplasm with food & oxygen.
cement
covers the root.
types of human teeth
incisors, canines, molars and premolars.
proper care for healthy teeth
- Don’t eat too much sugar.
- Use fluoride toothpaste regularly when you brush your teeth to resist the decay.
- Visit the dentist regularly.
cause of tooth decay
bacteria making plaque, respiring to produce acid which dissolves the enamel then dentine, spread if infection in the nerves of the pulp cavity causes severe pain
