22- Humans and the environment

Question 1

how can food production be increased

Answer 1

1- using agriculture machinery
2- using agriculture chemicals (fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides)
3- selective breeding

Question 2

examples of agriculture machinery

Answer 2

tractors- to cultivate larger area in shorter time

Question 3

fertilizers

Answer 3

add more mineral ions (nitrate ions)

Question 4

insecticides

Answer 4

sprayed on crop to kill insects that reduce yield or make it look less appealing

Question 5

herbicides

Answer 5

sprayed to kill weeds, which compete with the crop plant to their growth

Question 6

monoculture

Answer 6

growing crop plants of the same variety in a large area

Question 7

negative impacts of monoculture

Answer 7

1- low biodiversity
2- only few species can live where crop is growing
3- increases the pest population on the crop
4- insecticides may kill harmless insects too

Question 8

solutions to negative impact of monoculture

Answer 8

1- using mixed culture to decrease insect spread

2- using methods other than insecticides to control insects pests.

Question 9

negative impacts of intensive livestock production

Answer 9

1- diseases may spread easily
2- increase risk of having bacteria resistant to antibiotics
3- the waste can pollute the area nearby

Question 10

why do some parts of the world not have enough food

Answer 10

1- unequal distribution of food in the planet
2- high food prices that some people cant afford
3- famine can happen due to natural disasters or wars or diseases.

Question 11

reasons for habitat destruction

Answer 11

1- increased area for human benefits (crop, roads, house)
2- mining for natural resources
3- marine pollution that kills aquatic organisms

Question 12

deforestation

Answer 12

cutting down of large number of trees

Question 13

effects of deforestation

Answer 13

1- extinction of some species
2- flooding due to soil erosion
3- climate change, as reduces rainfalls
4- increase CO2 in the air, causing global warming
5- local people loose their homes

Question 14

dangers of non-biodegradable plastics

Answer 14

1- turtles mistake it for jellyfish and eat it

2- it traps animals and may kill them

Question 15

female contraceptive hormones

Answer 15

• hormones excreted in urine then becomes sewage
• they can effect fish by preventing their male hormone (testosterone) from working
• makes fish produce less sperms or change to female

Question 16

nuclear fallout

Answer 16

accidents releasing radioactive substances into the air

Question 17

effects of exposure to radioactive substances

Answer 17

• radiation sickness and burns

- DNA mutation, lead to cancer

Question 18

why does exposure to radioactive substances effect us

Answer 18

ionizing radiation damages DNA

Question 19

alpha

Answer 19

the most ionizing radiation, causing most damage if penetrates the body

Question 20

pesticides

Answer 20

chemicals use to kill organisms that damage crop

insecticides, fungicides…), and to control transmit disease (mosquitoes

Question 21

cause if water pollution

Answer 21

discharge of chemical waste into water

Question 22

DDT

Answer 22

a pesticide to kill insects, but doesnt break down and remains in them and the soil, where other animals eat those insects and get harmed

Question 23

cause of acid rain

Answer 23

sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides from burning fossil fuels dissolve in water making carbonic acid which turns into acid rain

Question 24

effects of acid rain

Answer 24

1- damage and kill plants
2- seeps to soil and washes out ions
3- kill aquatic animals
4- damage vehicles and buildings (limestone)

Question 25

solution for acid rain

Answer 25

1- cut down emission of sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides 2- use renewable energy 3- use catalytic converter in cars

Question 26

greenhouse effect

Answer 26

CO2 trapping some of the infrared radiations transmitted from the sun to keep the earth warm

Question 27

enhanced greenhouse effect

Answer 27

trapping more infrared radiations due to the increase of CO2 in the air, causing global warming

Question 28

sustainable resources

Answer 28

resources which can be removed from the environment without running out (wood for fuel)

Question 29

sustainable development

Answer 29

providing for the needs of an increasing human population without harming the environment

Question 30

recycling glass

Answer 30

- crushing used glass - melting it at high temperature - use to make new glass objects

Question 31

advantages of recycling glass

Answer 31

- releases less CO2 than making glass | - reduces the use of raw materials

Question 32

recycling paper

Answer 32

- mix waste paper with water and chemicals to form pulp - filter to remove any glue - spread into sheets to make new paper

Question 33

advantages of recycling paper

Answer 33

- causes less water and land pollution | - uses less energy

Question 34

advantages of recycling plastic

Answer 34

- reduce amount of fossil fuels used | - makes fleece clothing and packaging

Question 35

advantages of recycling metal

Answer 35

- uses less energy from fossil fuels than mining to get the ore of a metal - less mining to less habitats damaged

Question 36

reasons for conservation

Answer 36

``` 1- prevent extinction 2- not harm the environment 3- increase number of plants for medicines 4- destructing food chains 5- increase biodiversity ```

Question 37

conserving forests

Answer 37

1- reduce cutting down trees 2- plant new trees to replace old ones 3- educate people about the importance of conserving trees

Question 38

conserving fish stock

Answer 38

1- reducing the number of fish caught 2- specify fishing amounts for different species 3- breed large number of fish in fish hatchers then release them

Question 39

conserving endangered species

Answer 39

1- captive breeding 2- protecting their natural habitat 3- reduce hunting 4- start conservation program

Question 40

reason species become endangered

Answer 40

- habitat destruction - hunting - pollution - introducing of new species

Question 41

effect of sewage

Answer 41

1- increase water pollution, eutrophication | 2- causes diseases as it contains bacteria

Question 42

treatment of sewage

Answer 42

1- trickling filter | 2- activated sludge