1- characteristics of living organisms Flashcards
movement
Action by organism or part of it that changes its position.
respiration
Chemical reaction in cells that breaks down glucose to release energy for metabolism
sensitivity
The ability to detect & respond to stimuli in internal or external environment.
growth
Permanent increase in size & dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both.
reproduction
The process of making more of the same kind of the organism.
excretion
Removal of waste products of metabolism, toxic materials & substances in excess from the organisms.
nutrition
Taking in of materials for energy, growth & development.
morphology
the overall form & shape of their bodies.
anatomy
the detailed body structure.
DNA
study of DNA, to compare the sequence of bases in DNA & of amino acids in proteins of organisms for accurate classification.
species
group of organisms that can reproduce & produce a fertile offspring.
binomial system
international system that gives scientific name to the organism that is made up of genus and species.
(The first word [genus] has a capital letter, while the
second word [species] has a small letter.)
5 kingdoms of living organism
animals, plants, fungi, protoc
animals
- Multicellular.
- Cells have nucleus.
- No cell wall or chloroplast.
- Feed on organic substances made by other living
organisms [heterotrophic].
plants
- Multicellular
- Cells have nucleus, cell wall & chloroplast
- Autotrophic nutrition [photosynthesis]
- May have roots, stems & leaves.
fungi
- Unicellular and multicellular
• Cells have nucleus & cell wall
• Do not have chlorophyll
• Feed by saprophytic or parasitic nutrition
• Some can be eaten, as mushroom
• Some can be used to make food as bread & medicine as antibiotics
• Some can cause food decay or diseases
protoctista
- `Unicellular or multicellular
• Cells have nucleus, but may or may not
have cell wall and chloroplast
• Feed by photosynthesis and others feed on
organic materials made by other organisms
prokaryotes (bacteria)
- Unicellular
- Have no nucleus or mitochondria
- Have cell walls
- Some bacteria can photosynthesize
- Some are helpful, while some are harmful
viruses
They are not considered to be alive, because they don’t have cell membrane, cell wall or nucleus.
• They don’t show the characteristics of living things, they only reproduce inside the host cell.
structure of virus
- protein coat
• 2. genetic material [DNA or RNA or both]
• All viruses are harmful
• Once new viruses are made in the host cell, they will burst out of the cell to invade other cells.
fish
vertebrates-
• scaly skin
• gills and fins
• Cold blooded
amphibians
vertebrates- • Have moist skin without scales • Lay eggs in water • Larva has gills & lives in water [tadpole] • Adult has lungs and lives on land • Cold blooded
reptiles
vertebrates-
• Have dry scaly skin
• Lay eggs on land with rubbery shells
• Cold blooded
birds
vertebrates- • Have feathers, beak and wings • Lay eggs with hard shells • Endothermic [warm blooded] • Heart has four chambers
