18- inheritance

Question 1

inheritance

Answer 1

The transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.

Question 2

chromosomes

Answer 2

Thread like structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in forms of genes.

Question 3

gene

Answer 3

Length of DNA and codes for a protein

Question 4

allele

Answer 4

Is a version (form) of gene

Question 5

nucleotides

Answer 5

the building up component of the DNA

Question 6

components of nucleotides

Answer 6

base, sugar and phosphate group

Question 7

shape of DNA

Answer 7

double helix

Question 8

pairs DNA is found in

Answer 8

A—-T

C—-G

Question 9

how does DNA control cell function

Answer 9

by controlling the production of proteins

Question 10

how many bases are needed to code for one amino acids

Answer 10

3 (triplet code)

Question 11

where does protein synthesis occur

Answer 11

in the ribosome in the cytoplasm- it assembles amino acids to protein molecules

Question 12

job of messenger RNA

Answer 12

carries a copy of gene to the cytoplasm to pass it to the ribosomes.

Question 13

how is the specific order of amino acids determined

Answer 13

by the sequence of bases in the mRNA

Question 14

mitosis

Answer 14

nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells

Question 15

role of mitosis

Answer 15

• growth
• repair
• asexual reproduction

Question 16

stem cells

Answer 16

unspecialized cells that divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells that become specialized for specific functions.

Question 17

meiosis

Answer 17

Nuclear division in which the chromosome number is halved resulting in genetically different cells, and produce genetic variation.

Question 18

genotype

Answer 18

genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present.

Question 19

phenotypes

Answer 19

observable features of an organism.

Question 20

heterozygous

Answer 20

having two different alleles of a particular gene.

Question 21

homozygous

Answer 21

having two identical alleles of a particular gene.

Question 22

dominant

Answer 22

an allele that is expressed if it is present.

Question 23

recessive

Answer 23

an allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present.

Question 24

ways of showing the phenotype of a particular gene

Answer 24

• pedigree diagrams
• genetic diagrams
• punnett squares

Question 25

codominance

Answer 25

When neither of a pair of alleles is completely dominant or completely recessive, so both of them have an effect on the phenotype. eg; blood type

Question 26

alleles of blood types

Answer 26

IA IB- codominant

IO- recessive to both of the above

Question 27

sex linked characteristic

Answer 27

characteristic in which the gene responsible is located on a sex chromosome making it more common in one sex than in the other.

Question 28

pure breeding

Answer 28

the breed of two organisms identically homozygous for a particular characteristics, producing offspring with exactly the same genotype and phenotype as the parents

Question 29

monohybrid inheritance

Answer 29

the inheritance of characteristics controlled by a single gene

Question 30

how are unknown genotypes identified

Answer 30

test cross

Question 31

test cross

Answer 31

breeding the unknown individual with an individual showing the recessive phenotype.