16- reproduction in plants

Question 1

asexual reproduction

Answer 1

A process of production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.

Question 2

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 2

• saves energy
• saves time
• needs one parent

Question 3

disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

• low genetic variation

- cannot adapt to environment changes

Question 4

methods of asexual reproduction in plants

Answer 4

bulbs, tubers (food storage organs), runners

Question 5

bulb

Answer 5

short stem with leaves, which acts as a food storage organ that can develop into a plant in the following year

Question 6

runners

Answer 6

side shoots that contain tiny plantlets on them (eg; strawberry), which will grow roots and develop into separate plants

Question 7

sexual reproduction

Answer 7

A process of fusion of nuclei of two gametes to make a zygote that is genetically different from the parents.

Question 8

male gamete in plants

Answer 8

pollen (haploid)

Question 9

female gamete in plants

Answer 9

egg cell/ ovule (haploid)

Question 10

petal

Answer 10

colored to attract insects

Question 11

sepal

Answer 11

protects flower while ots a bud

Question 12

anther

Answer 12

makes the pollen

Question 13

filament

Answer 13

holds the anther

Question 14

stigma

Answer 14

sticky to catch pollen

Question 15

style

Answer 15

connects the style to ovary

Question 16

ovary

Answer 16

contains ovules

Question 17

pistil

Answer 17

female part made of: stigma, style and ovary

Question 18

stamen

Answer 18

male part made of: stamen, anther and filament

Question 19

pollination

Answer 19

transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

Question 20

pollinators

Answer 20

insects and wind

Question 21

self pollination

Answer 21

transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of the same flower

Question 22

features of self pollination

Answer 22

• no require of external agency
• anther and stigma mature at the same time
• can occur even when flower is closed
• produce homozygous offspring
• no variation

Question 23

cross pollination

Answer 23

transfer of pollen grains from anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different plant of the same species

Question 24

features of cross pollination

Answer 24

• external agency required (wind, insect)
• anther and stigma mature at different times
• only occurs when flower is open
• produce heterozygous offspring
• variation

Question 25

characteristics of insect pollinated flowers vs wind pollinated flower

Answer 25

• large colored petals/ small dull
• scented and with nectar/ non
• moderate amount of pollen grains/ large
• sticky and spiky/ smooth and light
• anthers inside firmly attached/ outside loose
• stigma inside and sticky/ outside feathery

Question 26

pollen produced

Answer 26

insect pollinated- smaller amounts, larger heavier, spiky grains
wind pollinated- large amounts, small light smooth grains

Question 27

fertilizasion

Answer 27

when a pollen nucleus fuses with an ovum nucleus in the ovule

Question 28

micropyle

Answer 28

an opening in the ovule penetrated by the pollen tube

Question 29

germination

Answer 29

the start of growth of the seed

Question 30

conditions for germination

Answer 30

• water
• oxygen
• warmth