15- drugs

Question 1

what is a drug

Answer 1

Any substance taken into the body that affects chemical

reactions in the body.

Question 2

social drugs

Answer 2

Drugs used in common that does not affect the people

health. (caffiene)

Question 3

medial drugs

Answer 3

Drugs that are prescribed by a doctor & used to stop

infection, or to relief pain. (aspirin)

Question 4

antibiotics

Answer 4

substances that kill bacteria not viruses

Question 5

how do antibiotics kill bacteria

Answer 5

stop bacteria from making new cell walls

• inhibit the production of protein in bacterial cell, so it can not grow.
• prevent bacteria from undergoing cell division.

Question 6

why dont antibiotics effect viruses

Answer 6

viruses dont have cell wall

Question 7

how does bacteria survive

Answer 7

by mutating and showing variation, breed and become resistant to antibiotics, due to natural selection

Question 8

how to minimize the development of resistant bacteria

Answer 8

1. development of new antibiotics.
2. improve cleanliness.
3. isolating infected patients.
4. have more responsible use of antibiotics.
5. improved screening to avoid spread.
6. take the entire course of antibiotics, even if you feel better.
7. avoid prescription of antibiotics for minor bacterial infection

Question 9

effects of excessive alcohol consumption

Answer 9

1. slows down reaction time of brain, as it is depressant.
2. increase aggression and violence.
3. loss of self control.
4. liver damage [cirrhosis], where fibers grow in liver, due to excessive detoxification [breaking down toxins in liver].

Question 10

symptoms of withdrawal of alcohol

Answer 10

Mental confusion, shaking, irritability, insomnia & anxiety.

Question 11

Negative social implications for alcohol

Answer 11

increased risk of injuries, accidents & crimes.
Economic and financial implications.
Lost workplace productivity.
Poor coordination between family members.

Question 12

effects of heroin abuse

Answer 12

• It is a powerful depressant, slows down the function of brain.
• Reduces pain, slows down breathing.
• Slows down the function of hypothalamus.
• Addicted people need to increase doses, as the body shows tolerance to give the same effect.

Question 13

heroin withdrawal symptoms

Answer 13

Diarrhea, vomiting, muscular pain, shaking, hallucination, insomnia & anxiety.

Question 14

negative social implications of heroin

Answer 14

increased risk of crimes.
Economic and financial implications.
Lost workplace productivity.
Poor coordination between family members.
Transmission of hepatitis & AIDS, due to sharing needles.

Question 15

effects of nicotine

Answer 15

• It is an addictive, stimulant, affects the brain, makes people more alert.
• increases the heart rate & blood pressure [hypertension].
• Increases the risk of thrombosis, so if in the coronary artery of the heart, it leads to CHD [heart attack].

Question 16

tar

Answer 16

• Forms a black sticky layer over the alveoli walls.

- It is carcinogen, leads to lung cancer, [cells keep dividing without control & spread to other parts of the body.

Question 17

carbon monoxide

Answer 17

Poisonous gas, reduces the ability of blood to carry oxygen by combining with hemoglobin.

Question 18

Emphysema disease

Answer 18

• It is a COPD, as the alveoli walls are damaged, so less gas exchange takes place.
• The walls are damaged due to persistent coughing as a result of mucus accumulation in the trachea.
• this is due to destroying the cilia lining the trachea, so the mucus with dirt will not be swept away from the lungs.
• People find it is difficult to get enough oxygen into their blood.
• =They can not do anything active.

Question 19

pregnant smokers

Answer 19

Less oxygen reaches the baby, so they show underweight & less intelligent. risk of miscarriage.

Question 20

passive smoking

Answer 20

when a non smoker breathes smoke from smokers

Question 21

testosterone

Answer 21

hormone is used to increase muscle development, it causes more protein synthesis in muscles, to be larger & stronger.

Question 22

use of anabolic steroids

Answer 22

-stimulate anabolic reactions, that build up large
molecules from small ones.
-They help athletes to train harder for long time & increase aggression.

Question 23

disadvantages of anabolic hormones

Answer 23

• High blood pressure, liver damage, high cholesterol level.

- Decrease immunity against pathogens.