7 Flashcards
Anterograde amnesia:
involves the loss of memories for events that occur AFTER the onset of amnesia
Attention:
focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events
Chunk:
group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit
Decay theory:
proposes that forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time
Declarative memory system:
handles factual information
Encoding:
involves forming a memory code
Episodic memory system:
made up of chronological, temporally dated, recollections of personal experiences
eg.) the party on youre 18th birthday
Explicit memory:
involves intentional recollection of previous experiences
Implicit memory:
apparent when retention is exhibited on a task that does not require intentional remembering
Interference theory:
proposes that people forget information because of competition from other material
Levels-of-processing theory:
proposes that deeper levels of processing result in longer-lasting memory codes
Long-term memory:
an unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time
Misinformation effect:
occurs when participants recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading post-event information
Nondeclarative memory system:
houses memory for actions, skills, operations, and conditioned responses
Parallel distributed processing:
simultaneous processing of the same information that is spread across networks of neurons
Proactive interference:
occurs when previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information
Recall:
requires subjects to reproduce information on their own without any cues
Recognition:
requires subjects to select previously learned information from an array of options
Retroactive interference:
occurs when new information impairs the retention of previously learned information
Retrograde amnesia:
involves the loss of memories for events that occurred PRIOR to the onset of amnesia
Semantic memory system:
contains general knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned
eg.) the names of colours, sounds of letters, - basic facts
Sensory memory:
preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second
Memory:
the storing of information in the brain
Short-term memory (STM):
a limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds
Working memory:
a limited capacity storage system that temporarily maintains and stores information by providing an interface between perception, memory and action
Who was Hermann Ebbinghaus?
He was the first person to conduct scientific studies of forgetting
What did Hermann invent?
Invented nonsense syllables, consonant vowel consonant arrangements that do not correspond to words
What dimensions of encoding can improve memory?
Elaboration, visual imagery, and self-referent coding
What enhances semantic encoding?
Elaboration
What words are easier to remember?
High-imagery words
