7 Flashcards
Anterograde amnesia:
involves the loss of memories for events that occur AFTER the onset of amnesia
Attention:
focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events
Chunk:
group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit
Decay theory:
proposes that forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time
Declarative memory system:
handles factual information
Encoding:
involves forming a memory code
Episodic memory system:
made up of chronological, temporally dated, recollections of personal experiences
eg.) the party on youre 18th birthday
Explicit memory:
involves intentional recollection of previous experiences
Implicit memory:
apparent when retention is exhibited on a task that does not require intentional remembering
Interference theory:
proposes that people forget information because of competition from other material
Levels-of-processing theory:
proposes that deeper levels of processing result in longer-lasting memory codes
Long-term memory:
an unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time
Misinformation effect:
occurs when participants recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading post-event information
Nondeclarative memory system:
houses memory for actions, skills, operations, and conditioned responses
Parallel distributed processing:
simultaneous processing of the same information that is spread across networks of neurons
Proactive interference:
occurs when previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information
Recall:
requires subjects to reproduce information on their own without any cues
Recognition:
requires subjects to select previously learned information from an array of options
Retroactive interference:
occurs when new information impairs the retention of previously learned information
Retrograde amnesia:
involves the loss of memories for events that occurred PRIOR to the onset of amnesia
Semantic memory system:
contains general knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned
eg.) the names of colours, sounds of letters, - basic facts
Sensory memory:
preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second
Memory:
the storing of information in the brain
Short-term memory (STM):
a limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds
