4

Question 1

Absolute threshold

Answer 1

the minimum amount of stimulation that an organism can detect

Question 2

Binocular depth cues

Answer 2

are cues about distance based on the differing views of the two eyes

Question 3

Cochlea

Answer 3

a fluid filled, coiled tunnel that contains the receptors for hearing. Sound enters through cochlea through oval window

Question 4

Cones

Answer 4

responsible for color vision and function best in relatively bright light, eye has three types of cones

Question 5

Convergence

Answer 5

a binocular cue that involves sensing the eyes converging toward each other as they focus on closer objects

Question 6

Depth perception

Answer 6

involves interpretation of visual cues that indicate how near or far away objects are

Question 7

Distal stimuli

Answer 7

the screech of tires, someone laughing, hum of refrigerator, produces a proximal stimulus in the form of soundwaves reaching the ears

Question 8

Feature analysis

Answer 8

the process of detecting specific elements in visual input and assembling them into a more complex form, you start with the components of a form, such as lines, edges, and corners, and build them into perceptions of squares, triangles, stop signs, bikes,

Question 9

Gustatory system

Answer 9

gustatory receptors are clusters of taste cells found in the taste buds that line the trenches around tiny bumps on the tongue

Question 10

what is the lifespan of taste cells?

Answer 10

10 days until they are replaced

Question 11

Just noticeable difference

Answer 11

is the smallest difference in the amount of stimulation that a specific sense can detect

• Close cousins of absolute threshold
• Vary by sense
• First demonstrated by Ernst Weber

Question 12

Kinesthetic system

Answer 12

monitors the positions of the various parts of the body

Question 13

Lens

Answer 13

the transparent eye structure that focuses the light rays falling on the retina
- Made of soft tissue

Question 14

Monocular depth cues

Answer 14

are clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone

Question 15

what are the 2 kinds of monocular depth cues?

Answer 15

• One is the result of active use of the eye in viewing the world
  Eg.) if you cover one eye and move your head from side to side, closer objects appear to move more than distant objects
• Pictorial depth cues: clues about distance that can be given in a flat picture
• Many pictorial cues to depth which is why some paintings and photographs seem so realistic

Question 16

6 prominent pictorial depth cues

Answer 16

• Linear perspective: is a depth cure reflecting the fact that lines converge in the distance
• Texture gradient: provides information of depth
• Interposition: is if an object comes between you and another object, it much be closer to you
• Relative size: is a cue because closer objects appear larger
• Height in plane: reflects the fact that distant objects appear higher in a picture
• Light and shadow: the familiar effects of shadowing make light and shadow useful in judging distance

Question 17

Motion parallax

Answer 17

involves images of objects at different distances moving across the retina at different rates

Question 18

Olfactory system

Answer 18

is the sensory system for smell

Question 19

Opponent process theory

Answer 19

holds that colour perception depends on receptors that make antagonist responses to three pairs of colours (red vs. green, yellow vs. blue, black vs. white)

Question 20

Optic chiasm

Answer 20

point at which the optic nerves from the inside half of each eye cross over and then project to the opposite half of the brain

Question 21

Optic disk

Answer 21

place in the retina where the optic nerve fibres exit the eye

Question 22

Perception

Answer 22

the selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input

Question 23

Pictorial depth cues

Answer 23

clues about distance that can be given in a flat picture

Question 24

Proximal stimuli

Answer 24

relies on perceptual constancies

Question 25

Psychophysic

Answer 25

the study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Question 26

Pupil

Answer 26

the opening in the centre of the iris that helps regulate the amount of light passing into the rear chamber of the eye

Question 27

Retina

Answer 27

it absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain

Question 28

Rods

Answer 28

specialized visual receptors that play a key role in night vision and peripheral

Question 29

Saccades

Answer 29

eye movements

Question 30

Sensation

Answer 30

is the stimulation of sense organs, Involves the absorption of energy such as light or sound waves, by sensory organs, such as the ears and eyes

Question 31

Subliminal perception

Answer 31

the registration of sensory input without conscious awareness

Question 32

Synesthesia

Answer 32

a condition in which perceptual or cognitive activities (listening to music or reading) trigger exceptional experiences

Question 33

Threshold

Answer 33

a dividing point between energy levels that do and do not have a detectable effect

Question 34

Trichromatic theory

Answer 34

holds that the human eye has three type of receptors with differing sensitivities to different light wavelengths

Question 35

Vestibular system

Answer 35

responds to gravity and keeps you informed of your body’s location in

Question 36

Webers law

Answer 36

states that the size of a just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the size of the initial stimulus

Question 37

what are the 4 primary tastes?

Answer 37

o	Sweet
o	Sour
o	Bitter
o	Salty
o	Unami

Question 38

Receptors of kinesthetic sense:

Answer 38

Joints, muscles