5

Question 1

Circadian rhythms:

Answer 1

the 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species

Question 2

Electroencephalograph (EEG):

Answer 2

a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp

Question 3

Hallucinogens:

Answer 3

diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning

Question 4

Hypnosis:

Answer 4

induction of a state of consciousness where a person apparently loses the power of voluntary action and highly responsive to directions

Question 5

Insomnia:

Answer 5

refers to chronic problems in getting adequate sleep that results in daytime fatigue and impaired functioning

Question 6

Latent content:

Answer 6

the hidden or disguised meaning of events in the plot

Question 7

Lucid dreams:

Answer 7

dreamer is aware they are dreaming

Question 8

Manifest content:

Answer 8

consists of the plot of a dream at the surface level

Question 9

Meditation:

Answer 9

family of practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control

Question 10

Mind wandering:

Answer 10

has potential to facilitate future planning, produce created thoughts, relieve boredom, find meaning in one’s personal experiences

Question 11

Narcolepsy:

Answer 11

chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep

Question 12

Neurogenesis:

Answer 12

growth and development of nervous tissue

Question 13

Non-REM (NREM) sleep:

Answer 13

brain waves are slow and of high voltage, breathing and heart rate are slow and regular, blood pressure is low and sleep is quite still

Question 14

Psychoactive drugs:

Answer 14

changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness cognition or behaviour

Question 15

Psychological dependence:

Answer 15

exists when a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug

Question 16

REM sleep:

Answer 16

relatively deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movement, high frequency, low amplitude brain waves, and vivid dreaming

Question 17

Sleep apnea:

Answer 17

sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts

Question 18

Slow-wave sleep:

Answer 18

consists of sleep stages 3 and 4 during which high amplitude, low frequency

Question 19

Hypnosis began with?

Answer 19

Franz Anton Mesmer

Question 20

Hypnosis can lead to…

Answer 20

Passive relaxation, narrowed attention, and enhanced fantasy

Question 21

Prominent hypnotic phenomena:

Answer 21

• Anesthesia
• Sensory distortions and hallucinations
• Disinhibition
• Posthypnotic suggestions and amnesia

Question 22

How much time do people spend mind wandering?

Answer 22

15-50%

Question 23

When does sleep apnea occur?

Answer 23

When a person literally stops breathing for a minimum of 10 seconds

Question 24

What is this disorder accompanied with?

Answer 24

Loud snoring

Question 25

What is the commonality of sleep apnea?

predisposition to the disease

Answer 25

• Seen in about 8% of adults and is increasing

- Common in men, older adults, women going through menopause, obese people, and those with a genetic

Question 26

Problems associated with sleep apnea:

Answer 26

• Increases vulnerability to cardiovascular diseases

- Associated with declines in memory, attention, and other aspects of cognitive functioning

Question 27

How many cycles do people go through when asleep?

Answer 27

5

Question 28

Stage 1

Answer 28

• A brief transitional stage of light sleep that usually lasts 1-7 minutes
• Breathing and heart rate slow as muscle tension and body temperature declines
• Alpha waves probably dominated by EEG give way to lower-frequency EEG activity in which theta waves are prominent
• Hypnic jerks usually occur

Question 29

Stage 2

Answer 29

• Usually lasts 10-25 minutes
• Brief bursts of higher frequency brain waves called sleep spindles, appear against a background of mixed EEG activity
• Brain waves gradually become higher in amplitude and slower in frequency as body moves into a deep forms of sleep called slow wave sleep

Question 30

Stage 3 and 4

Answer 30

• Consists of slow wave sleep
• Individuals reach slow wave sleep in about half an hour and stay there for about 30 min
• Then cycle reverses itself and sleeper gradually moves back through lighter stages