7/29 Flashcards
most specific sign for pyelonephritis
WBC casts
they’re formed only in the tubules
liver, lung, PAS positive
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency!!!
what cardiac abnormality has an increased stroke volume, wide pulse pressure, and bounding pulses
aortic regurgitation
what is histology for medullary thyroid cancer
nests of polygonal cells with CONGO RED deposits
it’s a neuroendocrine tumor that arises from parafollicular C cells that secrete calcitonin
nests or sheets of polygonal or spindle-shaped cells with extracellular amyloid deposits derived from calcitonin
when do you see:
enlarged, rounded cells with peripherally located nuclei and dispersed finely granular Nissl substance
axonal reaction
it happens in the body of a neuron after an axon has been severed
it reflects increased protein synthesis that facilitates axon repair
how do combination OCPs treat hirsutism
suppress pituitary LH secretion, subsequently decreasing ovarian androgen production
“decreased androgen production”
how are lungs damaged in sclerosis
intimal thickening of pulmonary arterioles
going to show signs of R heart failure
what tumor shows:
Call-Exner bodies (cuboidal granulosa cells in rosette pattern with coffee bean nuclei)
yellow theca cells with lipid
grossly, a large unilateral adnexal mass with HIGH ESTROGEN and high inhibin
granulosa cell tumor of the ovary
what marker is used with:
HCC
nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma
ovarian carcinoma
alpha-fetoprotein
normally produced by fetal liver and yolk sac
what marker is used with:
gestational trophoblastic disease
germ cell tumors
beta-HCG
normally confirms pregnancy
what marker is used with:
epithelial carcinomas of the ovary
CA-125
what are the 2 highly sensitive initial tests for giant cell arteritis
ESR and CRP
then undergo temporal artery biopsy
what neuro description is used for Friedreich ataxia
degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts
what are the skin “target lesions” called, and what are they commonly associated with
erythema multiforme
associated with herpes simplex virus
