7/23 Flashcards
which type of Rh immunoglobulin is given to Rr(-) pregnant women at 28 weeks and immediately postpartum
IgG anti-Rh(D) antibodies
anti-Rh antibodies bind to Rh-positive fetal RBCs that enter maternal circulation, and prevent interaction w/ maternal immune system via sequestration and elimination using spleen.
it does not cause a significant effect on the baby/hemolysis because the quantity is very small compared to a normal immunologic reaction
which complement and immunoglobulin are opsonizers
Complement 3b
IgG
what are the neoplastic vs non-neoplastic colonic polyps:
Neoplastic:
serrated
adenomatous
(villous > tubular)
Non-neoplastic: hyperplastic submucosal mucosal inflammatory
what’s the overarching problem in Alzheimer’s
decreased levels of ACh in the nucleus basalis of Meynert and hippocampus
Diminished activity of choline acetyltransferase is the cause
what’s the cause of Parkinson’s
loss of Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
what’s the cause of panic attacks and panic disorder
locus ceruleus in the caudal pontine central gray matter
contains a large amount of NE
what’s the cause of Huntington
atrophy of the nucleus caudates
NMDA receptors are depleted in the striatum of these pts
what is implicated in pathogenesis of anorexia, depression, and sleep disorder
The Raphe nuclei form the medial part of the brainstem’s reticular formation (medulla, pons, and midbrain)
many neurons here are serotonergic, and
serotonin is implicated in the pathogenesis of all these
which disorder has
capillary hemangiomas in retina or cerebellum
congenital cysts or neoplasms in kidney, liver, and pancreas
at risk for RCC, which can be bilateral
VHL
which disorder has peripheral nervous system tumors
neurofibromas, optic nerve gliomas, Lisch nodules, and cafe au lait spots
NF 1 Von Recklinghausen’s
which disorder is a dominant NS tumor syndrome, with bilateral CN8 schwannomas and multiple meningiomas
NF 2
which disorder is a rare conengital neurocutaneous disorder w/ cutaneous facial angiomas, leptomeningeal angiomas, skin involvement around the trigeminal nerve distribution, mental retardation, seizures, hemiplegia, and skull radio opacities
Sturge Weber
which disorder has characteristic “tram track” calcifications on skull
Sturge Weber
what disorder has cutaneous angiofibromas, visceral cysts, variety of hamartomas, renal angiomyolipomas, cardiac rhabdomyomas, and commonly seizures
Tuberous Sclerosis
what disorder is the auto dominant inheritance of congenital telangiectasis
Osler Weber Rendu syndrome
AKA hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
what type of gallbladder finding is common in critically ill pts
acute acalculous cholecystitis
it’s due to gallbladder stasis and ischemia
which malaria strains have the hypozoites
P vivid and P ovale
how do you treat malaria hypnozoites
Primaquine
what are transcription regulators that play a role in segmental organization of an embryo along its cranio-caudal axis
Homeobox genes- HOX gene
how does ARDS happen in sepsis
fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces
the circulating cytokines active pulmonary epithelium and provoke inflammatory response mediated by neutrophils, which causes capillary damage an leakage of protein and fluid into alveolar space
what is c-Myc’s function in Burkitt lymphoma
transcription activator
it gets translocated 8;14 and over expressed on chromosome 14
what stain do you use to evaluate Whipple disease
PAS
there’s glycoprotein in the cell walls of Trophyeryma whipplli
which cancer is most common in a female never-smoker
adenocarcinoma
it’s also the most common type in the general population
what is the psoas sign
inflammation/pain when the hip is extended
