7/27

Question 1

which amino acid is used to make nitric oxide

Answer 1

arginine

Question 2

what is protective for ovarian cancer

Answer 2

decreasing the frequency of trauma that comes with ovulation- including things like OCPs, multiparty, breastfeeding, salpingo-oophorectomy

Question 3

what is the pathogenesis of osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 3

bone matrix FORMATION (type 1 collagen)

Question 4

which disease has defective bone matrix mineralization

Answer 4

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 5

what side effect can worsen when you add carbidopa to levodopa

Answer 5

behavior (anxiety/agitation)

carbidopa is making more dopamine available in the brain,
but it reduces most of the peripheral side effects of levodopa (N/V)

Question 6

what does positive T cell selection give you

Answer 6

T cells that can recognize self

negative selection eliminates high-affinity interaction with MHC molecules on T cells

Question 7

which receptor works to relax uterus muscles

Answer 7

beta 2 agonist

Question 8

which 2 lipid lowering agent combo gives you the biggest risk for myopathy

Answer 8

fibrates and statin

Question 9

which lipid agent lowers triglycerides

Answer 9

fibrates

Question 10

which drug causes arteriolar dilation, increased renal perfusion, and diuresis and natriuresis in a hypertensive crisis?

Answer 10

fenoldapam

peripheral dopamine-1 agonist

Question 11

how do ACE inhibitors cause nephrotoxicity and acute renal failure

Answer 11

acute rise in serum Cr by blocking angiotensin-mediated efferent vasoconstriction.
this leads to reduction in renal filtration fraction.

ACE inhibitors can therefore cause acute renal failure in pts who are dependent on that efferent arteriole construction to maintain renal perfusion (Renal artery stenosis)

Question 12

what is insulin’s signaling pathway

Answer 12

receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to synthesize glycogen, proteins, fatty acids, nucleic acids

Tyrosine kinase/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase stimulation promotes glycogen synthesis via activating protein phosphatase, an enzyme that dephosphorylates/activates glycogen synthase

Question 13

what’s the best indicator of the severity of mitral regurg

Answer 13

presence of an S3

indicates high regurg volume and left ventricular volume overload

Question 14

when do you see Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Answer 14

advanced congestive HF