7/24 Flashcards
when is the cleavage to get dichorionic/diamniotic twins
morula cleavage
day 1-3
what disease presents before 40 with neuro (extrapyramidal) symptoms, cirrhosis, hemolytic anemia, and dementia
Wilson’s
how does hematopoiesis move through embryologic development
yolk sac (third week)
liver (1 month)
spleen and lymph (2-4 months)
bone marrow (>4 months)
how do you distinguish Diffuse from Limited Scleroderma?
Diffuse: anti-topoisomerase I (anti-Scl)
Limited (CREST): anti-centromere
what is the COD in scleroderma
rapid progression to visceral involvement with fibrosis, including pulm, renal, CVS, etc
how do you explain swelling and inflammation within a day after a protein inoculation
pre-existing antibodies react with the injected antigen, forming immune complexes, and they activate complement to cause inflammation
type 3 hypersensitivity rxn
what’s the buzzword for strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever (strep pyo; sandpaper-like rash)
or Kawasaki disease
which disease gives you sandpaper like rash, pharyngitis, and fever>
strep pyo
scarlet fever
via production of pyrogenic exotoxins
what is phentolamine’s MOA
alpha1 and alpha2 antagonist
what is propranolol’s MOA
beta1 and beta2 antagonist
what is epinephrine’s MOA
alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2 agonist
what is isoproterenol’s MOA
beta1 and beta2 agonist
what is Norepinephrine’s MOA?
alpha1, alpha2, beta1 agonist
what will give you a LMN disease with flaccid muscle weakness, hypotonia, loss of voluntary movement, loss of DTRs, and fasciculations?
damage to ventral horn cells
called Werdnig-Hoffman disease
what are these CSF findings:
100-1000 cells, mostly lymphocytes
low Glucose
high protein
fungal
what are these CSF findings: up to 90,000 cells, mostly PMNs low Glucose high protein markedly elevated opening pressure
bacterial
what are these CSF findings: 100-1000 cells, mostly lymphocytes normal Glucose high protein slightly elevated opening pressure
aseptic/ viral
what are lab findings in Turner
high FSH (no neg feedback from ovaries) high LH low estrogen low inhibin normal Growth Hormone
what gives you decreased plts and normal RBCs. you have auto-antibodies against platelet antigens GP1b or GP2b3a. often 2/2 viral infection, esp in children. smear will show a few large, young platelets. NO SCHISTOCYTES
idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
what gives you decreased plts and fragmented RBCs. usually associated with Shiga-toxin (Shigella or EHEC, campylobacter, or viruses). commonly contaminated foods, bloody diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, bruising, acute renal failure, irritability, lethargy, seizures. blood smear shows low platelets and schistocytes
hemolytic uremic syndrome
what gives you fragmented RBCs, +/- low plts, depending on severity and bone marrow response. SCHISTOCYTES
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
what gives you low platelets and fragmented RBCs
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura. ADAMTS13 deficiency, NEURO symptoms (AMS), renal dysfunction, SCHISTOCYTES
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
what gives you normal platelet numbers and decreased platelet function
VWF disease
what presents with: facial lesions hypo pigmented "ash leaf" spots on skin multiple hamartomas renal ANGIOMYOLIPOMAS, cardiac rhabdomyomas astrocytomas SUBEPENDYMAL GIANT CELL ASTROCYTOMA (LATERAL VENTRICLE)
Tuberous sclerosis
