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chem > 6.4 nitrogen compounds > Flashcards

6.4 nitrogen compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

amines

A

organic compound with a nitrgoen atom in place of a carbon

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2
Q

primary amine formula

A
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3
Q

secondary amine formula

A
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4
Q

tertiary amine formula

A
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4
Q

what are amines

A

weak bases, proton acceptors

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5
Q

why are amines proton acceptors

A

the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom is able to accept a proton

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6
Q

how can aliphatic amines be prepared?

A
  1. nucleophilic substitution of ammonia and haloalkanes
  2. reduction of nitriles
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7
Q

mechanism and conditions: nucleophilic substitution between ammonia and a haloalkane

A

halogen replaced by NH2, done in ethanol to prevent sub of water to produce an alcohol

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8
Q

mechanism and conditions: reduction of nitriles

A

haloalkanes react with CN- in ethanol to form a nitrile which is reduced to a primary amine

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9
Q

mechanism and conditions: preperation of aromatic amines

A
  1. nitrobenzene is produced from reacting benzene with conc HNO3 and H2SO4
  2. nitrobenzne is reduced to phenylamine using tin and HCL as catalysts/reducing agents
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10
Q

mechanism + products: amines with dilute acids

A

salt

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11
Q

mechanism + products: carboxylic acids with an aqueous alkali

A

salt and water

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12
Q

mechanism + products: carboxylic acids with an alcohol

A

an ester

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13
Q

what happens to an amino acid in strong basic conditions

A

it loses a proton

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14
Q

what happens to an amino acid in strong acidic conditions

A

gains a proton

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15
Q

what groups does an amino acid have

A
  1. amine
  2. carboxylic acid
16
Q

define: stereoisomers

A

same structural formula but atoms are arranged differently in space

17
Q

define: chiral carbon

A

4 different groups attached to it

18
Q

define: optical isomers

A

mirror images of each other

19
Q

primary amide

A

one C bonded to N

20
Q

secondary amide

A

two C bonded to N

21
Q

tertiary amide

A

3 C bonded to N

22
Q

product: acyl chlorides with ammonia/amines

A

1º/2º/3º amides

23
Q

what do all amino acids show + 1 exception

A

optical isomersim, they have a chiral carbon. except glycine

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