6.4 nitrogen compounds Flashcards
amines
organic compound with a nitrgoen atom in place of a carbon
primary amine formula
secondary amine formula
tertiary amine formula
what are amines
weak bases, proton acceptors
why are amines proton acceptors
the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom is able to accept a proton
how can aliphatic amines be prepared?
- nucleophilic substitution of ammonia and haloalkanes
- reduction of nitriles
mechanism and conditions: nucleophilic substitution between ammonia and a haloalkane
halogen replaced by NH2, done in ethanol to prevent sub of water to produce an alcohol
mechanism and conditions: reduction of nitriles
haloalkanes react with CN- in ethanol to form a nitrile which is reduced to a primary amine
mechanism and conditions: preperation of aromatic amines
- nitrobenzene is produced from reacting benzene with conc HNO3 and H2SO4
- nitrobenzne is reduced to phenylamine using tin and HCL as catalysts/reducing agents
mechanism + products: amines with dilute acids
salt
mechanism + products: carboxylic acids with an aqueous alkali
salt and water
mechanism + products: carboxylic acids with an alcohol
an ester
what happens to an amino acid in strong basic conditions
it loses a proton
what happens to an amino acid in strong acidic conditions
gains a proton
what groups does an amino acid have
- amine
- carboxylic acid
define: stereoisomers
same structural formula but atoms are arranged differently in space
define: chiral carbon
4 different groups attached to it
define: optical isomers
mirror images of each other
primary amide
one C bonded to N
secondary amide
two C bonded to N
tertiary amide
3 C bonded to N
product: acyl chlorides with ammonia/amines
1º/2º/3º amides
what do all amino acids show + 1 exception
optical isomersim, they have a chiral carbon. except glycine
