4.3 alcohols + haloalkanes

Question 1

how are alcohols completely soluble

Answer 1

polarity of alcohols allows hydrogen bonds to form

Question 2

products of combustion of alcohols

Answer 2

carbon dioxide and water
exothermic

Question 3

what is a nucleophile

Answer 3

atom with a negative charge/can donate a lone pair of electrons

Question 4

what do 2º alcohols oxidise to and how

Answer 4

ketones under reflux with potassium dichromate

Question 5

what do 1º alcohols fully oxidise to and how

Answer 5

carbox acids under reflux with potassium dichromate

Question 6

what do 1º alcohols oxidise to?

Answer 6

aldehydes by distilling off with potassium dichromate

Question 7

how can you form an alkene and water from an alcohol?

Answer 7

dehydration to remove -OH an H by heating uner reflux with acid (H2SO4/H3PO4)

Question 8

how can you form a haloalkane from an alcohol?

Answer 8

1. substitute the OH with a halide ion under reflux with acid and sodium halide

Question 9

what happens when a haloalkane reacts with aq NaOH or KOH?

Answer 9

the OH- is a nucleophile and is substituted for the halogen

Question 10

strongest and weakest carbon-halogen bond?

Answer 10

strongest = C-F
weakest = C-I

Question 11

ozone formula

Answer 11

O3

Question 12

what happens when CFCs enter the atomosphere

Answer 12

the UV radiation causes the C-Cl bond to break and a Cl radical is formed

Question 13

initiation reaction of CFC’s

Answer 13

Question 14

propagation reactions of CFCs

Answer 14

Question 15

termination reaction of CFCs

Answer 15