6.3 carbox and esters Flashcards
how are carboxylic acids soluble?
the lone pair of e- on the oxyegn causes a negative charge and the positive charge on the hydrogen means the acid forms hydrogen bonds with water
are carbox weak or strong acids
weak as they partially dissociate the hydrogen from the hydroxyl group
how are esters formed?
when a carbox acids reacts with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst forming an ester
esters with acids =
carbox acids and alcohols
esters with bases =
salts of carbox acids
how to make esters?
- alcohol and carboxylic acid
- acid anhydride and phenol
- acid anhydride and alcohol
why do acyl chlorides take part in nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions?
the difference in electronegativity of R-C=O leads to polarity within compound
acyl chlorides + water reaction
nucleophilic addition-elimation forming a carbox acid + HCl
acid anhydrides + water reaction
nucleophilic addition-elimation forming a carbox acid
acid chlorides + ammonia reaction
nucleophilic addition-elimation forming amides + HCl
acid anhydrides + ammonia reaction
nucleophilic addition-elimation forming amides
acyl chloride + primary amine reaction
nucleophilic addition-elimation forming an N-sub amide
acid anhydride + primary amines
nucleophilic addition-elimation forming an N-sub amide
carbox acid + metal carbonate reaction
forms water + CO2 + carboxylate salt
acyl chloride + alcohol reaction
forms an ester and HCl
carbox acid + metal reaction
hydrogen and carboxylate salt
carbox acid + alkali
water and carboxyalte salt
what is a carboxylate ion?
ion that is the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid: in carboxylate salts the hydrogen of the -OH group has been replaced by a metal
how can i form an ester using phenol?
reacting it with acyl chloride
